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yearn
🇺🇸 /jˈɚn/
🇬🇧 /jɜːn/
yearn 主要表示强烈而持久地渴望某人、某物或某种生活,也可作名词表示这种渴望;另有英国北部和苏格兰方言中“使乳汁凝结”的动词义。
💡 记忆钩子
把心想象成一根被远方牵住的线:它不断向想要的人或事物伸去,这就是“强烈渴望”;这种渴望也可以被音乐或话语表达出来。乳汁义来自另一条词源线,可单独记作“乳汁凝结”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握动词“yearn for + 名词”和“yearn to do”,再认识较少见的“yearn after”;名词用法和乳汁义都不是现代日常英语的重点。
- 不要把 yearn 只理解成普通的“想要”:它通常含有强烈、持续甚至带伤感的渴望。
📖 中文释义
noun
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rare 强烈渴望📖 指一种强烈而持续的渴望,尤其是对某人或某物的向往;这是动词 yearn 所表示的感情的名词形式。💡 常用模式是“a yearn for + 名词”,例如表示对爱情或某种生活的渴望。该名词在现代英语中不常见,正式或自然表达通常改用 yearning。不要把普通的 wish 或 desire 一律替换成 yearn。
yearns
plural
verb
-
core 渴望;向往📖 表示非常强烈、持续地想要某物,或非常想做某事;这种想望往往带有距离感或感伤色彩。💡 常用模式是“yearn for + 名词”或“yearn to do”,例如“yearn for a simple life”和“yearn to return”。它是不及物动词,不能像 want 那样直接说“yearn something”。在普通对话中它比 want 更有感情色彩,常用于书面语或认真表达感受。also figuratively intransitiveAfter years abroad, she yearned for the quiet streets of her hometown.在国外生活多年后,她渴望回到家乡安静的街道。He yearns to see his children again.他渴望再次见到自己的孩子。
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common 渴望得到或做某事📖 与 s1 基本相同,但常特别强调对某个机会、行动或目标的强烈向往;这种渴望也可能因为无法实现而令人遗憾。💡 常用模式是“yearn after + 名词”或“yearn for + 名词”,其中 after 的搭配较有文学色彩;表示动作时仍可用“yearn to do”。现代英语中 yearn for 更普遍,学习时先掌握这一形式。不要把 after 理解成单纯的时间先后关系。also figuratively intransitive specificallyShe yearned after the chance to travel freely again.她渴望再次获得自由旅行的机会。
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common 表达渴望📖 表示音乐、文字或其他表达方式传达出强烈而带感伤的渴望,就像它们替人发出了向远方伸去的心声。💡 常见模式是“音乐/声音/文字 + yearn”,或“yearn for + 某物”描述其表达的内容。这里的主语通常不是有意识的人,而是音乐、歌声、诗句等,因此不要按普通人的直接愿望来理解。这个用法多见于文学评论、诗歌或较有文采的描写。intransitiveThe old song yearns for a home that no longer exists.那首老歌流露出对一个已不存在的家园的深切向往。
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rare 深切地怜爱📖 旧式用法,表示对某人怀有深切的爱、同情或怜惜;可以看作心被对方的处境牵住。dated intransitive
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rare 悲伤;哀悼📖 过时用法,表示因痛苦或失去而悲伤、哀悼,可联系“心被悲痛牵住”的核心形象。intransitive obsolete
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rare 表达渴望的音乐或话语📖 少见的及物用法,指演奏音乐或说出话语,使其中的强烈渴望得到表达。transitive
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rare 强烈渴望📖 古旧或诗歌用法,表示强烈渴望某物或想做某事,与现代常见的 yearn for 意义相同。archaic poetic transitive
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rare 使人怜惜或痛苦📖 过时及物用法,表示使某人产生深切的爱怜,或使其感到悲痛。obsolete transitive
yearns
present,singular,third-person
yearning
participle,present
yearned
participle,past
yearned
past
yearnt
participle,past,rare
yearnt
past,rare
yearn
first-person,present,singular
yearned
first-person,past,singular
yearnt
first-person,past,rare,singular
yearn
present,second-person,singular
yearnest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
yearned
past,second-person,singular
yearnt
past,rare,second-person,singular
yearnedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
yearneth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
yearned
past,singular,third-person
yearnt
past,rare,singular,third-person
yearn
plural,present
yearned
past,plural
yearnt
past,plural,rare
yearn
present,subjunctive
yearned
past,subjunctive
yearnt
past,rare,subjunctive
yearn
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
verb
-
rare 乳汁凝结📖 方言义,指乳汁在制酪过程中凝结成凝乳。Northern-England Scotland intransitive
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rare 由凝乳制成奶酪📖 方言义,指奶酪由已经凝结的乳汁制成。Northern-England Scotland intransitive
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rare 使乳汁凝结📖 方言义,指在制酪过程中使乳汁凝结。Northern-England Scotland transitive
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rare 用凝乳制成奶酪📖 方言义,指用凝结的乳汁制作奶酪。Northern-England Scotland transitive
yearns
present,singular,third-person
yearning
participle,present
yearned
participle,past
yearned
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 3 组
have affection for; feel tenderness for
同义词集:
yearn
上位: care for, cherish, hold dear, treasure
have a desire for something or someone who is not present;
同义词集:
ache
yearn
yen
pine
languish
She ached for a cigarette
I am pining for my lover
上位: hanker, long
下位: die
desire strongly or persistently
同义词集:
hanker
long
yearn
上位: desire, want
下位: ache, languish, pine, yen
🌳 词源
表示“渴望”的动词来自古英语及更早的日耳曼语词源,名词由该动词派生;表示乳汁凝结的动词可能来自另一条与“凝结、流动”有关的词源线。
Probably either:
* a variant of earn (“to curdle, as milk”) (though this word is attested later), from Middle English erne, ernen (“to coagulate, congeal”) (chiefly South Midlands) [and other forms], a metathetic variant of rennen (“to run; to coagulate, congeal”), from Old English rinnan (“to run”) (with the variants iernan, irnan) and Old Norse rinna (“to move quickly, run; of liquid: to flow, run; to melt”), both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir; to rise, spring”); or
* a back-formation from yearning (“(Scotland, archaic) rennet; calf (or other animal’s) stomach used to make rennet”).
🔄 变式
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imperat
yearned
1st_sg
yearnedst
archaic
yearnest
archaic
yearneth
archaic
yearning
present
yearns
plural
yearnt
1st_sg
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