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yearn

🇺🇸 /jˈɚn/ 🇬🇧 /jɜːn/
noun 编号: Y00094 BNC #11780 COCA #7999
yearn 主要表示强烈而持久地渴望某人、某物或某种生活,也可作名词表示这种渴望;另有英国北部和苏格兰方言中“使乳汁凝结”的动词义。
💡 记忆钩子
把心想象成一根被远方牵住的线:它不断向想要的人或事物伸去,这就是“强烈渴望”;这种渴望也可以被音乐或话语表达出来。乳汁义来自另一条词源线,可单独记作“乳汁凝结”。
📝 学习建议
  • 先掌握动词“yearn for + 名词”和“yearn to do”,再认识较少见的“yearn after”;名词用法和乳汁义都不是现代日常英语的重点。
  • 不要把 yearn 只理解成普通的“想要”:它通常含有强烈、持续甚至带伤感的渴望。
📖 中文释义
noun
  • rare 强烈渴望
    📖 指一种强烈而持续的渴望,尤其是对某人或某物的向往;这是动词 yearn 所表示的感情的名词形式。
    💡 常用模式是“a yearn for + 名词”,例如表示对爱情或某种生活的渴望。该名词在现代英语中不常见,正式或自然表达通常改用 yearning。不要把普通的 wish 或 desire 一律替换成 yearn。
yearns plural
verb
  • core 渴望;向往
    📖 表示非常强烈、持续地想要某物,或非常想做某事;这种想望往往带有距离感或感伤色彩。
    💡 常用模式是“yearn for + 名词”或“yearn to do”,例如“yearn for a simple life”和“yearn to return”。它是不及物动词,不能像 want 那样直接说“yearn something”。在普通对话中它比 want 更有感情色彩,常用于书面语或认真表达感受。
    also figuratively intransitive
    After years abroad, she yearned for the quiet streets of her hometown.
    在国外生活多年后,她渴望回到家乡安静的街道。
    He yearns to see his children again.
    他渴望再次见到自己的孩子。
  • common 渴望得到或做某事
    📖 与 s1 基本相同,但常特别强调对某个机会、行动或目标的强烈向往;这种渴望也可能因为无法实现而令人遗憾。
    💡 常用模式是“yearn after + 名词”或“yearn for + 名词”,其中 after 的搭配较有文学色彩;表示动作时仍可用“yearn to do”。现代英语中 yearn for 更普遍,学习时先掌握这一形式。不要把 after 理解成单纯的时间先后关系。
    also figuratively intransitive specifically
    She yearned after the chance to travel freely again.
    她渴望再次获得自由旅行的机会。
  • common 表达渴望
    📖 表示音乐、文字或其他表达方式传达出强烈而带感伤的渴望,就像它们替人发出了向远方伸去的心声。
    💡 常见模式是“音乐/声音/文字 + yearn”,或“yearn for + 某物”描述其表达的内容。这里的主语通常不是有意识的人,而是音乐、歌声、诗句等,因此不要按普通人的直接愿望来理解。这个用法多见于文学评论、诗歌或较有文采的描写。
    intransitive
    The old song yearns for a home that no longer exists.
    那首老歌流露出对一个已不存在的家园的深切向往。
  • rare 深切地怜爱
    📖 旧式用法,表示对某人怀有深切的爱、同情或怜惜;可以看作心被对方的处境牵住。
    dated intransitive
  • rare 悲伤;哀悼
    📖 过时用法,表示因痛苦或失去而悲伤、哀悼,可联系“心被悲痛牵住”的核心形象。
    intransitive obsolete
  • rare 表达渴望的音乐或话语
    📖 少见的及物用法,指演奏音乐或说出话语,使其中的强烈渴望得到表达。
    transitive
  • rare 强烈渴望
    📖 古旧或诗歌用法,表示强烈渴望某物或想做某事,与现代常见的 yearn for 意义相同。
    archaic poetic transitive
  • rare 使人怜惜或痛苦
    📖 过时及物用法,表示使某人产生深切的爱怜,或使其感到悲痛。
    obsolete transitive
yearns present,singular,third-person yearning participle,present yearned participle,past yearned past yearnt participle,past,rare yearnt past,rare yearn first-person,present,singular yearned first-person,past,singular yearnt first-person,past,rare,singular yearn present,second-person,singular yearnest archaic,present,second-person,singular yearned past,second-person,singular yearnt past,rare,second-person,singular yearnedst archaic,past,second-person,singular yearneth archaic,present,singular,third-person yearned past,singular,third-person yearnt past,rare,singular,third-person yearn plural,present yearned past,plural yearnt past,plural,rare yearn present,subjunctive yearned past,subjunctive yearnt past,rare,subjunctive yearn imperative,present - imperative,past
verb
  • rare 乳汁凝结
    📖 方言义,指乳汁在制酪过程中凝结成凝乳。
    Northern-England Scotland intransitive
  • rare 由凝乳制成奶酪
    📖 方言义,指奶酪由已经凝结的乳汁制成。
    Northern-England Scotland intransitive
  • rare 使乳汁凝结
    📖 方言义,指在制酪过程中使乳汁凝结。
    Northern-England Scotland transitive
  • rare 用凝乳制成奶酪
    📖 方言义,指用凝结的乳汁制作奶酪。
    Northern-England Scotland transitive
yearns present,singular,third-person yearning participle,present yearned participle,past yearned past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 3 组
have affection for; feel tenderness for
同义词集: yearn
上位: care for, cherish, hold dear, treasure
have a desire for something or someone who is not present;
同义词集: ache yearn yen pine languish
She ached for a cigarette
I am pining for my lover
上位: hanker, long 下位: die
desire strongly or persistently
同义词集: hanker long yearn
上位: desire, want 下位: ache, languish, pine, yen
🌳 词源
表示“渴望”的动词来自古英语及更早的日耳曼语词源,名词由该动词派生;表示乳汁凝结的动词可能来自另一条与“凝结、流动”有关的词源线。
Probably either: * a variant of earn (“to curdle, as milk”) (though this word is attested later), from Middle English erne, ernen (“to coagulate, congeal”) (chiefly South Midlands) [and other forms], a metathetic variant of rennen (“to run; to coagulate, congeal”), from Old English rinnan (“to run”) (with the variants iernan, irnan) and Old Norse rinna (“to move quickly, run; of liquid: to flow, run; to melt”), both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir; to rise, spring”); or * a back-formation from yearning (“(Scotland, archaic) rennet; calf (or other animal’s) stomach used to make rennet”).
🔄 变式
- imperat yearned 1st_sg yearnedst archaic yearnest archaic yearneth archaic yearning present yearns plural yearnt 1st_sg
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