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wretched

🇺🇸 /ɹˈɛtʃɪd/ 🇬🇧 /ˈɹɛt͡ʃɪd/
adj 编号: W01573 BNC #7789 COCA #11796
形容人或事物糟糕、痛苦、低劣到令人不快;也可用于表达对某人或某物的恼怒和厌恶。
💡 记忆钩子
把 wretched 想成“陷在泥里、浑身狼狈”的状态:人陷在痛苦里,就是“悲惨的”;事物陷在低劣和不值一提的地步,就是“糟糕、寒碜的”;天气让人难受,或某件东西惹人烦时,也可以用它来强调“糟透了”。
📝 学习建议
  • 先掌握“悲惨、糟糕”这条主线,再理解它如何引申为“低劣、惹人厌”。
  • 不要因拼写相近把它理解成“毁坏的”;它的中心是痛苦、糟糕或低劣。
📖 中文释义
adj
  • core 悲惨的;痛苦的
    📖 指一个人遭受了很深的痛苦,或因为不幸而感到极度难过、难受。这里的画面就是人仿佛陷在泥里,身心都很狼狈。
    💡 常用“feel wretched”“look wretched”或“be wretched after...”这样的结构。它可描述身体不适,也可描述悲伤、内疚等强烈的心理状态;表示短暂感受时,通常用在感官或状态动词后。不要把它只译成普通的“伤心”,它的程度通常更重。
    I felt wretched after hearing the bad news.
    听到这个坏消息后,我感到非常难受。
    She looked wretched after several sleepless nights.
    连续几夜没睡后,她看起来非常憔悴难受。
  • common 卑微的;可怜的
    📖 指地位低下、生活困苦,或被说话人看不起的人或群体。它把“陷在泥里”的画面转到社会处境上,因此常带有怜悯或轻蔑色彩。
    💡 常用“wretched + 人或群体”以及“the wretched...”这样的结构。这个用法较书面,描述人的社会处境时容易显得居高临下;如果只是想客观说“贫困的”,应换用更中性的词。不要把它当成单纯表示人数少或身份普通的词。
    The shelter provides meals for wretched families in the area.
    这家收容所为当地生活困苦的家庭提供餐食。
  • core 糟糕的;不值一提的
    📖 指事物质量很差、价值很低,或小得不值得认真对待。它仍然保留“狼狈、糟透了”的核心感觉,只是从人的处境转到了事情或物品上。
    💡 常用“wretched + 名词”,尤其是在说质量差的小事、糟糕的结果或令人失望的东西时。这个用法常带有说话人的强烈不满,有时并非客观评价;正式写作中不要随意用它代替所有“差的”。不要误解为只表示尺寸小,它更强调低劣或恼人的性质。
    We had to work with a wretched old computer.
    我们只好用一台糟糕的旧电脑工作。
  • rare 卑鄙的;可鄙的
    📖 指某人行为恶劣、卑鄙,坏到令人鄙视;这是把“糟糕”进一步用于道德评价的较少见用法。
    💡 常用“wretched + 人”或“that wretched...”来直接斥责某人。这个用法较旧或较文学化,语气很重;日常对话中不要把它当作普通的负面形容词。描述具体行为时,最好确认上下文确实是在作道德谴责。
  • common 糟糕难受的天气
    📖 形容天气让人很不舒服,可能是阴冷、潮湿、恶劣或令人扫兴。重点不是天气在道德上“坏”,而是它造成了悲惨难受的体验。
    💡 常用“wretched weather”或“the weather is wretched”。它多用于非正式谈话或带抱怨的语境,强调体感和心情都被天气影响;不要把它理解成专指某一种天气现象。若只需客观说明天气恶劣,可使用更具体的表达。
    We canceled the picnic because of the wretched weather.
    我们因为糟糕的天气取消了野餐。
  • common 可恶的;该死的
    📖 放在某人或某物前面,表示说话人很恼火或厌恶,意思接近“这个讨厌的、该死的”。它不是在认真说明对象处于悲惨状态,而是在发泄情绪。
    💡 常用“this wretched + 名词”或“that wretched + 名词”来表达恼怒。这个用法非正式且带侮辱性,通常用于抱怨物品或斥责某人;对人使用时尤其容易冒犯。不要把它译成中性的“糟糕的”,因为这里更突出说话人的情绪。
    informal
    I can't open this wretched jar.
    我打不开这个该死的罐子。
more wretched comparative most wretched superlative
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 5 组
characterized by physical misery;
同义词集: miserable wretched
a wet miserable weekend
spent a wretched night on the floor
近似: uncomfortable
deserving or inciting pity; ; ; - Galsworthy; ; ; ; ;
同义词集: hapless miserable misfortunate pathetic piteous pitiable pitiful poor wretched
a hapless victim
miserable victims of war
the shabby room struck her as extraordinarily pathetic
piteous appeals for help
pitiable homeless children
a pitiful fate
Oh, you poor thing
his poor distorted limbs
a wretched life
近似: unfortunate
morally reprehensible; ; ;
同义词集: despicable ugly vile slimy unworthy worthless wretched
would do something as despicable as murder
ugly crimes
the vile development of slavery appalled them
a slimy little liar
近似: evil
very unhappy; full of misery; ;
同义词集: miserable suffering wretched
he felt depressed and miserable
a message of hope for suffering humanity
wretched prisoners huddled in stinking cages
近似: unhappy
of very poor quality or condition; ;
同义词集: deplorable execrable miserable woeful wretched
deplorable housing conditions in the inner city
woeful treatment of the accused
woeful errors of judgment
近似: inferior
🌳 词源
源自中古英语,最终与表示“流亡者、被排斥者”的古英语词有关;词尾 -ed 构成形容词。
From Middle English wrecched (“(adjective) characterized by or suffering hardship or misfortune, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy; indigent, poor; of low economic or social status, lowly; (noun) miserable person”) [and other forms], from wrecche (“characterized by or suffering hardship or misfortune, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy; indigent, poor; of low economic or social status, lowly; base, contemptible, vile; reprehensible, wicked; miserly, stingy; of little importance, paltry, worthless”) (from Late Old English wrecc, from Old English wreċċa (“an exile, outcast”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wreg- (“to follow, track; to hunt”)) + -ed (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as wretch (“(obsolete) wretched”, adjective) + -ed (suffix forming adjectives).
🔄 变式
more wretched compar most wretched superl
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