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work

★★★★★
🇺🇸 /wˈɚk/ 🇬🇧 /wɜːk/
name 编号: W01441 牛津3000 BNC #125 COCA #117
主要作名词，表示工作、劳动或为完成事情所付出的努力，也可指劳动成果；作动词时表示做某事、使某物运转或发挥作用。另可作姓氏。
💡 记忆钩子
把它记成“投入力量并产生作用”：人投入时间和精力就是工作，完成后得到的是成果；机器正常运转也可以说它在发挥作用。
📝 学习建议
  • 名词表示“工作”时常不可数，不要一律当作某个具体职位；表示具体工作或职位时，通常用其他可数表达。
  • 先掌握“工作、努力、运转”这几个核心义，再学习“影响、缓慢移动”等引申义。
  • 作动词时不只表示“劳动”，还常表示机器、方法等“起作用、正常运转”。
📖 中文释义
name
  • rare 姓氏
    📖 作姓氏使用，指名为 Work 的人。
    💡 通常出现在人名中，置于名字之后；这是英语姓氏用法，不要把它当作普通名词翻译。
Works plural
noun
  • core 工作；职业
    📖 指一个人通常从事的工作或职业，也可以指职业本身带来的任务和安排；核心是投入时间和精力去做事。
    💡 常用 “have work”, “go to work”, “at work” 或 “my work involves...” 等结构；通常不可数，但表示不同种类或岗位时可以用复数。不要把表示具体职位的 work 和更常见的 job 完全混用。
    countable uncountable
    My work involves a lot of travel.
    我的工作需要经常出差。
    She is looking for work after moving to the city.
    她搬到这座城市后正在找工作。
  • common 工作安排；上班
    📖 指某人的工作安排或工作单位是否允许其做某事，重点不只是职业名称，还包括工作带来的时间限制。
    💡 常用 “work will give someone the time off” 或 “get time off work” 等搭配；既可指工作安排，也可泛指上班状态。谈具体职位或一个工作机会时，通常用 job 更自然。
    broadly countable uncountable
    I hope work lets me leave early for the concert.
    我希望工作安排能让我早点离开去听音乐会。
  • rare 工厂；作坊
    📖 在较旧的用法中，指进行工业生产的工厂或作坊，尤其用于某些制造行业。
    💡 多见于旧文献或固定复合词中，现代日常英语通常不用它单独表示工厂；不要与普通的“工作”义混淆。
    countable dated uncountable
  • core 努力；劳动
    📖 指为完成任务或达到目标所投入的体力、时间和精力；也就是“投入力量并产生作用”的过程。
    💡 常用 “take work”, “hard work”, “a lot of work” 或 “put work into something” 等结构；多作不可数名词，但表示不同的任务或努力事项时可数。不要把它误解为只指有报酬的职业。
    countable uncountable
    Writing this report took a lot of work.
    写这份报告花了很多功夫。
    It is hard work to carry these boxes upstairs.
    把这些箱子搬上楼很费力。
  • common 美容或医疗操作
    📖 委婉地指一个人接受的整形、美容或其他外表方面的处理，把这些处理看成付出的“功夫”。
    💡 常见于 “have work done” 这一委婉结构，具体是什么处理要由上下文说明；语气通常比较含蓄，也可能带有调侃意味。不要在正式医疗说明中只用这个模糊说法。
    countable euphemistic uncountable
    She has had some work done on her teeth.
    她的牙齿做过一些美容处理。
  • common 下功夫；努力
    📖 俚语中指持续投入时间和精力，尤其强调为了进步或成功而积极努力。
    💡 常见于 “put in work” 或 “putting in the work”；多用于口语、体育和网络语境，语气比普通的 effort 更有冲劲。正式写作中可改用 effort 或 hard work。
    countable slang uncountable
    He has been putting in work and his running has improved.
    他一直在下功夫，跑步成绩也提高了。
  • common 有用功；做功能力
    📖 物理学中指力使物体移动时传递的能量；这里仍可理解为力量投入后产生了实际作用。
    💡 常见于 “do work”, “perform work” 和 “useful work” 等搭配，通常不可数；这是物理术语，不要把它简单理解成日常职业。正式讨论中要结合力和位移等上下文。
    broadly countable uncountable
    The motor performs useful work by lifting the load.
    这台电动机通过提升负载来做有用功。
  • common 成果；作品（复合词中）
    📖 指努力完成后留下的成果，常用于复合词中，说明某种结果是通过工作或推测等过程产生的。
    💡 常见于 “-work” 复合词，如 “guesswork”；通常不能随意单独替换普通的 result 或 product。理解复合词时要把前面的成分和 work 合起来看。
    in-compounds often uncountable
    The answer was based on careful guesswork.
    这个答案是经过仔细猜测得出的。
  • common 作品
    📖 指一件由创作者投入能力和精力完成的作品，尤其是艺术、文学或音乐作品。
    💡 常用 “a work of art”, “a major work” 或 “the works of...” 等结构；此义通常可数，表示一件或多件具体作品。不要把复数 works 自动理解成“工作岗位”。
    countable
    The gallery is showing a remarkable work of art.
    这家画廊正在展出一件非凡的艺术作品。
  • rare 摆拍；假打
    📖 俚语中指把事件安排成看起来真实的样子，常指表演或比赛中的预先设计。
    💡 这是特定圈子里的俚语，常用于描述表演性事件或比赛安排；正式语境应改用 staging、演出安排或预先设计等更明确的说法。不要在普通的工作语境中使用这个义项。
    slang uncountable
  • rare 未选矿石
    📖 采矿业中指尚未经过筛选、清理或加工的矿石。
    💡 主要出现在采矿和矿业贸易语境中，可作可数或不可数名词；日常英语中不使用这一义项。需要说明矿石状态时，最好结合专业上下文。
    countable uncountable
  • rare 注射用具
    📖 俚语中指注射药物所需的一套器具，如注射器、针头和消毒用品。
    💡 通常用复数形式 works，且常带有非正式或地下语境色彩；正式表达应直接说注射器、针头或无菌用品。不要把它与普通的“工作”义混淆。
    countable plural plural-only slang uncountable
  • rare 自信的舞台气场
    📖 特定社群俚语中指变装表演者展现出的自信、创造力和娴熟气场。
    💡 主要用于变装表演及相关社群语境，语体非正式；通常需要结合人物或表演来理解。不要把它泛化为所有人的普通自信。
    countable uncountable
works plural
verb
  • core 做事；工作
    📖 指投入时间、体力或脑力去完成一项具体任务，也可以泛指从事某种工作；正如记忆钩子所说，这是“投入力量并产生作用”。
    💡 常用“work on＋项目”或“work at＋任务”，也可说“work in＋行业或地点”。表示从事职业时通常不直接在work后面接职业名称，而说“work as＋职业”；不要把它只理解成有报酬的工作。
    intransitive
    I work on the garden every Saturday morning.
    我每周六上午都在打理花园。
    She worked hard to finish the report before lunch.
    她努力工作，争取午饭前完成报告。
  • common 从事某项工作
    📖 指实际承担或进行某类具体工作，有时还特指在某个场所或行业工作。与s1相比，这一用法更突出工作对象、地点或领域。
    💡 可用“work＋地点或行业”表示在那里工作，也可用“work＋宾语”表示负责某项活动；“work the night shift”表示上夜班。谈职业身份时仍更自然地说“work as＋职业”，不要把地点误当成宾语。
    intransitive transitive
    He works the evening shift at a small hotel.
    他在一家小旅馆上晚班。
  • core 运转正常；奏效
    📖 指机器、设备、方法或计划能够按预期运行并达到目的，也就是投入的力量确实产生了作用。
    💡 常用“Does it work?”询问设备或方法是否有效，也可用“work well”或“work properly”说明运转情况。这里通常不接宾语；若要表示使它运转，应改用及物结构“work＋宾语”。
    intransitive
    The printer still works after all these years.
    这台打印机用了这么多年仍然运转正常。
    That simple plan worked better than we expected.
    那个简单的计划比我们预想的更有效。
  • common 使运转；使起作用
    📖 指通过操作、推动或安排某物，使它运转、产生效果或按某种方式行动。它体现的是“投入力量并让某物发挥作用”。
    💡 常用“work＋机器、装置或控制杆”等宾语，也可说“work something into a plan”表示把某物安排进计划。这个用法必须有明确宾语，不要与表示设备自行运转的不及物用法混淆。
    transitive
    He worked the handle until the gate opened.
    他反复扳动把手，直到大门打开。
  • common 缓慢移动
    📖 指人、物体或事物缓慢而费力地向某处移动或逐渐发展。
    💡 常用“work into＋地点”或“work toward＋目标”表示逐步进入某处或朝目标推进。这个结构强调过程缓慢、需要努力，不宜用于普通的快速移动。
    intransitive
    The roots slowly worked into the cracks in the wall.
    根系慢慢钻进了墙上的裂缝。
  • common 费力穿过；逐步推进
    📖 指某人或某物通过持续努力，缓慢地穿过障碍或逐步到达某个位置。
    💡 最常见结构是“work one’s way through／across／into＋地点”，其中way表示逐步前进的过程。宾语通常是反身代词或名词，不要直接把work当作普通的“走”。
    intransitive transitive
    We worked our way through the crowded market.
    我们费力穿过了拥挤的市场。
  • common 费力弄出；取出
    📖 指通过小心、反复的动作，把卡住或嵌入的东西慢慢弄出来。
    💡 常用“work＋物＋out of／from＋位置”，表示把某物从某处弄出；也可用“work something loose”表示把卡紧的东西弄松。这个结构强调耐心和费力，不只是一次简单的拉取。
    transitive
    She worked the splinter out of her finger with a needle.
    她用针把手指里的木刺一点点弄了出来。
  • common 刺绣；绣制
    📖 指用线在布料等材料上绣出图案或装饰。这里的“投入力量并产生作用”具体表现为针线逐步形成图案。
    💡 通常用“work＋图案或材料”作及物结构，也可说“work in／with thread”说明使用的线。语体可用于手工艺和服装描述；不要把它与泛指“做手工”混为一谈。
    transitive
    She worked a blue flower onto the corner of the cloth.
    她在布料的一角绣上了一朵蓝色的花。
  • rare 发酵
    📖 指液体或食物自行发生发酵变化，通常用于酿造或食品制作语境。
    💡 常用“work for＋一段时间”或“leave something to work”描述发酵过程，属于酿造等专门语境。日常英语中更常用表示发酵的普通词，不要在一般“起作用”语境中使用这一义项。
    intransitive
  • rare 使发酵
    📖 指通过处理使某种液体或食物开始发酵，主要见于旧式或专业的酿造语境。
    💡 通常需要接表示酒液、面团等的宾语，常与发酵剂和制作过程连用。这个用法较少见，现代日常表达中应根据具体食品选择更明确的词。
    transitive
  • common 影响；劝动
    📖 指通过持续劝说、施加影响或采取行动，使某人改变想法或接受某件事。它仍然是让力量对对象产生作用。
    💡 常用“work on＋人”表示劝说或影响某人，也可用“work with＋人”表示通过合作产生效果。work on后面接人时不一定是负面操纵，具体语气由上下文决定。
    figuratively intransitive
    Her friends worked on her until she agreed to come.
    她的朋友们不断劝她，直到她答应过来。
  • common 不安地动；抽动
    📖 指手指等身体部位因紧张、焦虑或激动而不安地活动。
    💡 常用“身体部位＋work”或“work with tension”描述细小而持续的动作。这个用法通常用于紧张的姿态描写，不要把它理解为正常的劳动动作。
    intransitive
    His fingers worked nervously while he waited for the result.
    他等结果时，手指紧张地不停动着。
  • common 易于操作；好处理
    📖 指某种材料、面团或物品在被处理时反应如何，是否容易塑形、使用或加工。
    💡 常用“work easily／well／smoothly”描述材料的处理性能，也可用否定形式说明难以加工。主语通常是材料或物品，而不是操作它的人。
    intransitive
    This clay works well when it is slightly damp.
    这种黏土稍微湿一点时很好塑形。
  • rare 使某人遭受某事
    📖 一种诗歌或古旧用法，指给某人带来某种结果、待遇或感受，可能是好事，也可能是坏事。
    💡 通常采用“work someone＋名词”或类似古旧的双宾语结构，现代日常英语中几乎不用。阅读文学或仿古文本时可根据上下文理解，不要在普通会话中照搬。
    ditransitive poetic
  • rare 疼痛
    📖 古旧用法，指身体某处疼痛或隐隐作痛。
    💡 主要出现在历史文本或仿古表达中，现代英语通常不用work表示疼痛。日常表达应使用表示疼痛的常用词，并说明疼痛部位或程度。
    intransitive obsolete
  • rare 把某物演绎得很出色
    📖 俚语用法，指穿戴、表演或展示某种风格时非常成功、很有气势。
    💡 常见于“work it”或“work＋服装、造型”等结构，语气随意且带有夸赞或玩笑色彩。不要在正式写作中使用，也不要把它理解成普通的“做某事”。
    slang transitive
  • rare 自信地展现自己
    📖 特定社群俚语，指以夸张、自信和有表现力的姿态展示自己，尤其用于表演语境。
    💡 常见于祈使句“work it”，用于鼓励某人展现姿态或魅力，语气亲昵、戏谑或表演性很强。它带有明确的社群和流行文化色彩，不适合正式场合随意使用。
    intransitive
works present,singular,third-person working participle,present worked participle,past worked past wrought archaic,participle,past,rare wrought archaic,past,rare work first-person,present,singular worked first-person,past,singular wrought archaic,first-person,past,singular work present,second-person,singular workest archaic,present,second-person,singular worked past,second-person,singular workedst archaic,past,second-person,singular wrought archaic,past,second-person,singular worketh archaic,present,singular,third-person worked past,singular,third-person wrought archaic,past,singular,third-person work plural,present worked past,plural wrought archaic,past,plural work present,subjunctive worked past,subjunctive wrought archaic,past,subjunctive work imperative,present - imperative,past wrought archaic,participle,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 34 组
give a workout to; ; ;
同义词集: exercise work work out
Some parents exercise their infants
My personal trainer works me hard
work one's muscles
this puzzle will exercise your mind
上位: put to work
arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion
同义词集: work
The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times
上位: become, get, go
go sour or spoil; ;
同义词集: sour turn ferment work
The milk has soured
The wine worked
The cream has turned--we have to throw it out
上位: change state, turn
cause to undergo fermentation;
同义词集: ferment work
We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content
The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats
上位: convert
activity directed toward making or doing something
同义词集: work
she checked several points needing further work
上位: activity 下位: action, aid, attention, busywork, care, coursework, duty, housekeeping, housework, investigating, investigation, ironing, job, labor, labour, lavation, logging, make-work, mission, missionary work, operation, paperwork, polishing, procedure, project, service, shining, subbing, substituting, task, tending, toil, undertaking, wash, washing
the occupation for which you are paid;
同义词集: employment work
he is looking for employment
a lot of people are out of work
上位: business, job, line, line of work, occupation 下位: booking, coaching, coaching job, engagement, ministry, navigation, sailing, seafaring, service, services, work load, workload
find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of; ; ; ; ;
同义词集: solve work out figure out puzzle out lick work
did you solve the problem?
Work out your problems with the boss
this unpleasant situation isn't going to work itself out
did you get it?
Did you get my meaning?
He could not work the math problem
上位: understand 下位: answer, break, guess, infer, resolve, riddle, strike
use or manipulate to one's advantage; ;
同义词集: exploit work
He exploit the new taxation system
She knows how to work the system
he works his parents for sympathy
上位: apply, employ, use, utilise, utilize 下位: avail, feed, help, play, prey, use
make uniform;
同义词集: knead work
knead dough
work the clay until it is soft
上位: manipulate 下位: proof
perform as expected when applied; ;
同义词集: function work operate go run
The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in
Does this old car still run well?
This old radio doesn't work anymore
反义: malfunction, misfunction 下位: cut, double, roll, run, serve, service
move into or onto; ;
同义词集: work
work the raisins into the dough
the student worked a few jokes into his presentation
work the body onto the flatbed truck
上位: displace, move 下位: stir
cause to happen or to occur as a consequence; ; ; ;
同义词集: bring work play wreak make for
I cannot work a miracle
wreak havoc
bring comments
play a joke
The rain brought relief to the drought-stricken area
上位: create, make 参见: arouse, bring off, bring on, bring up, call down, call forth, carry off, conjure, conjure up, evoke, induce, invoke, manage, negociate, pull off, put forward, raise, stir
make something, usually for a specific function; ; ;
同义词集: shape form work mold mould forge
She molded the rice balls carefully
Form cylinders from the dough
shape a figure
Work the metal into a sword
下位: beat, carve, cast, chip, coil, grind, hand-build, handbuild, hill, layer, machine, model, mold, mould, mound, puddle, remold, reshape, sculpt, sculpture, stamp, swage, throw, upset
shape, form, or improve a material; ;
同义词集: work work on process
work stone into tools
process iron
work the metal
上位: transform, transmute, transubstantiate 下位: make over, rack, retread, rework, till, tool
prepare for crops;
同义词集: cultivate crop work
Work the soil
cultivate the land
上位: fix, gear up, prepare, ready, set, set up
gratify and charm, usually in order to influence
同义词集: work
the political candidate worked the crowds
上位: becharm, beguile, bewitch, captivate, capture, catch, charm, enamor, enamour, enchant, entrance, fascinate, trance
move in an agitated manner
同义词集: work
His fingers worked with tension
上位: displace, move
proceed along a path;
同义词集: make work
work one's way through the crowd
make one's way into the forest
上位: pass 下位: claw
provoke or excite
同义词集: work
The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy
上位: excite, stimulate, stir
proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity; ;
同义词集: work
work your way through every problem or task
She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived
Start from the bottom and work towards the top
上位: go, move, proceed
cause to work
同义词集: work put to work
he is working his servants hard
上位: apply, employ, use, utilise, utilize 下位: exercise, exploit, overwork, rack, work out
be employed; ; ; ;
同义词集: work do work
Is your husband working again?
My wife never worked
Do you want to work after the age of 60?
She never did any work because she inherited a lot of money
She works as a waitress to put herself through college
下位: bank, blackleg, break one's back, buckle down, dig, drive, drudge, fag, farm, fill, fink, freelance, grind, job, knuckle down, labor, labour, man, moil, moonlight, occupy, rat, scab, serve, slave, take, tinker, toil, travail
exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity;
同义词集: work
I will work hard to improve my grades
she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor
反义: idle, laze, slug, stagnate 下位: assist, beaver, beaver away, busy, carpenter, clerk, collaborate, cooperate, get together, intern, join forces, keep one's nose to the grindstone, keep one's shoulder to the wheel, mess around, minister, monkey, monkey around, muck about, muck around, occupy, page, peg away, plug away, potter, putter, scant, serve, skimp, skipper, slog, specialise, specialize, tinker, volunteer, wait, waitress, whore
cause to operate or function;
同义词集: work
This pilot works the controls
Can you work an electric drill?
上位: care, deal, handle, manage
operate in or through
同义词集: work
Work the phones
上位: operate, run
have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected; ; ; ;
同义词集: work act
The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought
How does your idea work in practice?
This method doesn't work
The breaks of my new car act quickly
The medicine works only if you take it with a lot of water
上位: bring home the bacon, come through, deliver the goods, succeed, win
have and exert influence or effect;
同义词集: influence act upon work
The artist's work influenced the young painter
She worked on her friends to support the political candidate
上位: affect, bear on, bear upon, impact, touch, touch on 下位: blackjack, blackmail, carry, color, colour, dominate, fix, form, imprint, manipulate, persuade, prejudice, prepossess, pressure, pull strings, pull wires, sway, swing, swing over
operate in a certain place, area, or specialty; ;
同义词集: work
She works the night clubs
The salesman works the Midwest
This artist works mostly in acrylics
behave in a certain way when handled;
同义词集: work
This dough does not work easily
The soft metal works well
上位: be
the total output of a writer or artist (or a substantial part of it);
同义词集: oeuvre work body of work
he studied the entire Wagnerian oeuvre
Picasso's work can be divided into periods
上位: end product, output 下位: writing
a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing; ; ; ;
同义词集: work piece of work
it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works
the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work
he was indebted to the pioneering work of John Dewey
the work of an active imagination
erosion is the work of wind or water over time
上位: product, production 下位: caning, chef-d'oeuvre, follow-up, followup, masterpiece, publication, wicker, wickerwork, woodwork
a place where work is done
同义词集: workplace work
he arrived at work early today
下位: bakehouse, bakery, bakeshop, beehive, brokerage, brokerage house, central, colliery, exchange, farm, fishery, forge, job, lab, laboratory, laundry, location, piscary, pit, research lab, research laboratory, roundhouse, science lab, science laboratory, shipyard, shop, smithy, studio, telephone exchange, waterworks, workshop
applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading);
同义词集: study work
mastering a second language requires a lot of work
no schools offer graduate study in interior design
上位: acquisition, learning
(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force
同义词集: work
work equals force times distance
上位: energy, free energy
🌳 词源
名词和动词都源自古英语及更早的日耳曼语词根，最终可追溯到原始印欧语中表示“做、工作”的词根。
Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-om Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom Proto-Germanic *werką Proto-West Germanic *werk Old English weorc Middle English werk English work From Middle English work, werk, from Old English weorc, from Proto-West Germanic *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką (“work”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom (“work”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to make”). Cognates Cognate with Scots wark (“work”), North Frisian werk (“work”), Saterland Frisian Wierk (“work”), West Frisian wurk (“work”), Dutch werk (“work”), German Werk (“work”), German Low German Wark (“work”), Luxembourgish Wierk (“work”), Danish værk (“work”), Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish verk (“work”); also Breton ober (“to do, make”), Cornish gul, gwul (“to do, make”), Irish and Scottish Gaelic fearg (“anger”), Manx ferg (“anger”), Pictish ᚒᚏᚏᚐᚉᚈ (urract, “he made”), Welsh gwneud, neud (“to do, make”), Greek έργο (érgo, “work”), Albanian argëtim (“entertainment; fun, pleasure”), argëtoj (“to amuse, entertain”), Lithuanian váržas (“fish snaring net”), Macedonian врша (vrša, “fish-trap”), Polish wiersza (“fish-trap”), Russian and Ukrainian ве́рша (vérša, “fish-trap”), Serbo-Croatian вр̑ша, vȓša (“fish-trap”), Slovak and Slovene vrša (“fish-trap”), Aghwan 𐔱𐕒𐕙𐔵 (borz, “labour, work”), Armenian գործ (gorc, “work”), Northern Kurdish werz (“bed, field, patch; season”), Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰 (vər^əz, “to do, work”), Persian ورز (varz, “art, craft, trade”), ورزه (varze, “art, profession, trade”), ورزیدن (varzidan, “to exercise; to train; to work”), Tocharian B warkṣäl (“energy, power, strength”). English cognates include bulwark, boulevard, energy, erg, georgic, liturgy, metallurgy, organ, surgeon, wright. Doublet of erg and ergon.
🔄 变式
- imperat worked 1st_sg workedst archaic workest archaic worketh archaic working present Works plural wrought archaic
🏷 单词标签 & 词根
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