← 返回单词列表
woman
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /wˈʊmʌn/
🇬🇧 /ˈwʊmən/
woman主要指成年女性,也可根据语境表示女性群体、妻子或伴侣;作动词时是罕见的历史用法。
💡 记忆钩子
把woman想成“一个成年的女性人”:最基本是指一位女性,也可以把所有女性合起来说成女性群体;在特定语境中,她还可能是某人的妻子或伴侣,或成为复合词中热爱某种事物的女性。作动词的几种用法都从“赋予女性身份或以女性身份对待”这一核心延伸出来,但现代英语中几乎不用。
📝 学习建议
- 先牢牢记住最常见的名词义“成年女性”,再根据上下文学习“女性群体”和“妻子或伴侣”等延伸义。
- 不要把woman机械地理解成任何“女人”;它通常强调成年女性,而表示女孩通常用另一个词。
- 现代英语中woman作动词的用法很少见,阅读古典或历史文本时知道大意即可,不必主动使用。
📖 中文释义
noun
-
core 成年女性📖 指一位已经成年的女性人类,这是woman最基本、最常用的意思。它描述的是性别和成年身份,不一定涉及婚姻、职业或性格。💡 常见结构是a woman、the woman或women,后面可以接定语,如a young woman。单数woman是可数名词,不能在没有限定词时单独作主语或宾语。不要把它用于明确指女孩的语境,也不要把woman误解为“妻子”。A woman helped me find the right platform.一位女士帮我找到了正确的站台。That woman is our new neighbor.那位女士是我们的新邻居。
-
common 女性群体;女性整体📖 这里不是指某一位女性,而是把女性作为一个整体来谈,接近“女性群体”或“全体女性”。💡 通常用单数形式作不可数的整体概念,或用复数women表示许多女性;具体选择取决于句子的范围和语气。谈论社会、历史或一般规律时,这个用法很常见。不要把泛指的woman误认为只指说话人眼前的一位女性。collectiveThe book explores how woman has been represented in art.这本书探讨了艺术作品如何表现女性这一群体。
-
common 女性个体📖 在虚构世界或泛指有感知能力的生物时,woman可以泛指其中的女性个体,不限于现实中的人类。普通现实语境中,它通常仍然就是“成年女性”。💡 常见于科幻、奇幻或其他设定语境,通常用a woman、women等普通名词结构。若语境已经明确是人类,通常不需要特别区分这个义项。不要在普通现实对话中为了强调性别而把woman用于不适合成年女性的对象。The alien woman spoke calmly to the human crew.那位女性外星人平静地和人类船员交谈。
-
common 妻子或伴侣📖 在较旧、较口语或特定关系语境中,woman可以指某人的妻子,有时也指女朋友或女性伴侣。这个意思是从“某个女性”进一步变成“与某人有亲密关系的女性”。💡 常见结构是someone's woman或his woman,通常依靠上下文判断具体是妻子、女朋友还是伴侣。这个说法有时显得旧式、占有意味较强,正式场合最好使用更明确的关系称谓。不要把所有表示“某人的女人”的句子都理解成中性表达。He introduced her as his woman, but she called herself his partner.他介绍她是自己的女人,但她称自己是他的伴侣。
-
rare 热爱某种事物的女性📖 放在复合词末尾时,woman可以指特别喜欢某种事物或活动的女性,例如“爱猫的女性”。这是从“女性”延伸到“具有某种明显偏好的人”。💡 通常出现在名词复合结构的末尾,前面的成分说明她特别喜欢或专注于什么。此类复合词往往带有口语或标签色彩,具体含义要结合整个复合词判断。不要把它单独当作普通动词来理解。
-
rare 女侍从或女仆📖 在历史或旧式语境中,woman可以指为某位女性服务的女侍从或女仆,重点不只是性别,还包括其服务身份。💡 这种用法主要出现在古典文本、历史叙述或仿古表达中,现代日常英语中几乎不用。阅读时要根据上下文把它理解为一种职位或身份,而不是普通的“女性”。现代表达通常会直接说明具体的服务或工作身份。
women
plural
verb
-
rare 配备女性人员📖 指给船只、机构或其他组织配备女性工作人员,核心仍是“加入女性人员”。💡 通常接表示船只、队伍或机构的宾语,属于非常少见的及物用法。现代英语更常直接说明配备了哪些工作人员,而不用woman作动词。看到这种形式时不要把它和常见名词义混淆。
-
rare 使女性化📖 指使某人显得女性化或带有被说成女性化的特征,常含有旧式或贬抑色彩。💡 通常以人作宾语,属于古旧的及物用法。现代英语会使用更明确的表达来说明外表、行为或性别化评价,不会自然地这样造词。阅读时要注意它可能反映文本中的偏见。transitive
-
rare 使拥有女性伴侣📖 指给某人配上一位女性伴侣,或使其与女性建立伴侣关系,是从“女性”延伸出的古旧用法。💡 通常接人作宾语,后面隐含或说明女性伴侣。这个用法在现代英语中极不自然,不能据此推断普通名词woman可以自由转成动词。transitive
-
rare 轻蔑地称为“woman”📖 指用woman称呼某人,而且这种称呼带有不尊重或贬低意味。💡 通常出现在带有命令、斥责或冲突的语境中,语气比普通称呼更重要。现代英语里直接这样称呼别人可能冒犯对方,因此不要把它当作中性称呼模板。transitive
womans
present,singular,third-person
womaning
participle,present
womanning
participle,present
womaned
participle,past
womaned
past
womanned
participle,past
womanned
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
women as a class; ;
同义词集:
womanhood
woman
fair sex
it's an insult to American womanhood
woman is the glory of creation
the fair sex gathered on the veranda
上位: class, social class, socio-economic class, stratum
a human female employed to do housework;
同义词集:
charwoman
char
cleaning woman
cleaning lady
woman
the char will clean the carpet
I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
上位: cleaner
an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
同义词集:
woman
adult female
the woman kept house while the man hunted
反义: adult male, man
上位: adult, female, female person, grownup
下位: amazon, b-girl, bachelor girl, bachelorette, baggage, ball-breaker, ball-buster, bar girl, bawd, beauty, bridesmaid, broad, cat, cinderella, cocotte, coquette, cyprian, dame, deb, debutante, delilah, dish, donna, enchantress, ex, ex-wife, fancy woman, femme fatale, fille, flirt, geisha, geisha girl, gentlewoman, girl, girlfriend, harlot, heroine, houri, jezebel, kept woman, knockout, lady, lady friend, lady of pleasure, looker, lulu, ma'am, madam, maid of honor, mantrap, married woman, matron, minx, miss, missy, mistress, nanny, nurse, nursemaid, nymph, peach, prickteaser, prostitute, ravisher, siren, smasher, sporting lady, stunner, sweetheart, tart, tease, temptress, vamp, vamper, virago, wave, whore, widow, widow woman, wife, woman of the street, working girl, young lady, young woman
a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man
同义词集:
woman
he was faithful to his woman
反义: man
上位: female, female person
🌳 词源
源自古英语wīfmann,字面意思是“女性的人”,由表示女性的词和表示人的词构成;现代单复数的拼写和读音经过了长期变化。
Proto-Germanic *wībą
Proto-West Germanic *wīb
Old English wīf
Proto-Indo-European *mon-
Proto-Germanic *mann-
Proto-West Germanic *mann
Old English mann
Old English wīfmann
Middle English womman
English woman
From Middle English womman, from earlier wimman, wifman, from Old English wīfmann (“woman”, literally “female person”), a compound of wīf (“woman, female”, whence English wife) + mann (“person, human being”, whence English man). For details on the pronunciation and spelling history, see the usage notes below.
Cognate with Scots woman, weman (“woman”), Saterland Frisian Wieuwmoanske (“female person, female human, woman”). Similar construction can be found in West Frisian frommes (“woman, girl”) (from frou and minske, literally "woman human") and Afrikaans vroumens (“woman”, literally “woman-person”).
Further information on vocalic development
The current pronunciation of the first vowel of the singular began to appear in western England in the 13th century under the rounding influence of the w, though the older pronunciation with /i/ (→ modern /ɪ/) remained in use into the 15th century. Although the vowel of the plural was sometimes also altered to /u/ (→ modern /ʊ/) beginning in the 14th century, the pronunciation with /ɪ/ ultimately won out there, possibly under the influence of pairs like foot–feet. However, some speakers (especially of New Zealand English or South African English) have either retained or reinnovated the pronunciation of the plural with /ʊ/. The modern spelling women for the plural is due to influence of the singular; it is attested from the 15th century.
For a time in the 16th and 17th centuries, the pronunciation of the singular sometimes drifted even further back towards /uː/ or /ɔː~oː/ (→ modern /oʊ~əʊ/) and the plural sometimes drifted even further forward towards /iː/, leading to comparisons of the words to "woe man" or "we men".)
🔄 变式
womaned
past
womaning
present
womanned
past
womanning
present
womans
present
women
plural
🏷 单词标签 & 词根