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welfare
★★★
🇺🇸 /wˈɛlfˌɛɹ/
🇬🇧 /ˈwɛlˌfɛə/
welfare 主要指个人或群体的福祉、安康与生活保障,也可指政府或机构提供的福利援助;作动词时表示为某人提供福利或救助。
💡 记忆钩子
把 welfare 想成“让人过得好”:先是人的安康、幸福和生活顺利,这是“福祉”;再把这种“过得好”落实成政府或机构发放的救助和福利;作动词则是主动去帮助别人获得这种保障。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“福祉、安康”这一总义,再学习美国英语中简称“福利救助”的用法。
- 不要把 welfare 只理解成“钱或救济”;在 common welfare 等表达中,它也可以泛指整个群体的共同福祉。
📖 中文释义
noun
-
core 福祉;安康📖 指个人或群体整体上过得好,包括健康、安全、幸福、生活顺利和繁荣等方面。它不是某一种具体好处,而是“生活状态良好”这一总概念。💡 常用“某人或某群体的 welfare”以及“促进、保护、关心 welfare”的模式。它通常是不可数名词,不要在一般意义下随意加复数形式。与 well-being 意义接近,但 welfare 更常用于公共利益、社会政策或群体福祉的语境。uncountable usuallyThe new policy was introduced for the welfare of local families.这项新政策是为了当地家庭的福祉而推出的。The charity puts the welfare of children first.这家慈善机构把儿童的福祉放在首位。
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common 福利救助;福利金📖 在美国英语非正式用法中,welfare 可以简称政府提供的社会福利、福利救助或福利金,通常指帮助低收入或失业者维持生活的援助。💡 常见于“领取福利”“申请福利”一类语境,前面可用 go on、receive 或 apply for 等结构。这个简称带有美国英语和非正式色彩,正式表达可改用具体的福利项目或福利支付。不要把它自动理解为所有类型的员工福利,例如医疗保险或带薪休假。US informal uncountable usuallyShe went on welfare after losing her job.她失业后开始领取福利救助。
welfares
plural
verb
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rare 提供福利救助📖 指主动为贫困者或其他需要帮助的人提供福利或经济援助,可以看作把名词 welfare 所代表的保障落实到具体的人身上。💡 常见结构是“welfare + 受助者”,但这种用法多见于政策、社会工作或较少见的正式语境。日常交流中用 provide welfare or aid 更容易理解。不要把它和表示“照顾、关心”的一般动词混用。transitive
welfares
present,singular,third-person
welfaring
participle,present
welfared
participle,past
welfared
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 3 组
governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need
同义词集:
social welfare
welfare
public assistance
she lives on welfare
上位: aid, assistance, economic aid, economic assistance, financial aid, financial assistance
下位: dole, pogey, pogy, relief
something that aids or promotes well-being
同义词集:
benefit
welfare
for the benefit of all
上位: good, goodness
下位: advantage, interest, reward, sake
a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous
同义词集:
wellbeing
well-being
welfare
upbeat
eudaemonia
eudaimonia
the town was finally on the upbeat after our recent troubles
反义: ill-being
上位: prosperity, successfulness
下位: health, wellness
🌳 词源
源自中古英语 welefare,可能来自古英语短语 wel faran,字面上接近“顺利地生活、过得好”,相当于 well 加 fare。
From Middle English welefare, probably from the Old English phrase wel faran (“to fare well, get along successfully, prosper”) (cognate with Middle Dutch welvare (“welfare”), Middle Low German wolvare (“welfare”), Middle High German wolvar, wolfar (“welfare”)). Equivalent to well + fare. Compare also West Frisian wolfeart, Dutch welvaart, German Wohlfahrt, Old Norse velferð (whence Swedish välfärd (“welfare”)). The first recorded use in the sense of "social concern for the well-being of children, the unemployed, etc." is from 1904 and in the sense of "organized effort to provide for maintenance of members of a group" from 1918.
🔄 变式
welfared
past
welfares
plural
welfaring
present
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