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water
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /wˈɔtɚ/
🇬🇧 /ˈwɔː.tə/
Water既可指水这种液体,也可表示与水有关的供应、混合物和状态;作动词时主要指给植物或动物供水、使某物变湿,以及液体流出或稀释。它还可作为若干地名的一部分或专名使用。
💡 记忆钩子
把Water想成一股水:最初是可饮用、可流动的“水”,装进杯子就成“一杯水”,和别的东西混合就成各种水;它供应城市、形成水域,也能引申为局势的“水势”。动起来,水可以浇植物、给动物喝、润湿眼睛,甚至把饮料“加水”稀释。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握不可数的基本义“水”,再学习表示“一杯水”或某种水时的可数用法。
- 不要把“water”只理解为饮用水;在water the plants中它是动词,表示“浇水”,不是“水本身”。
📖 中文释义
name
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rare 英国德文郡地名📖 英国德文郡Manaton教区的一个小村落名称。
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rare 英国兰开夏郡地名📖 英国兰开夏郡Rossendale自治市内、Burnley Road旁的一个小村落名称。
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rare 菲律宾地名📖 菲律宾东方民都洛省Baco的一个村区名称,但这一用法尚未得到完全确认。
noun
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core 水📖 指常温下通常为透明液体的H₂O;结冰时是冰,变成气体时是蒸汽。💡 常用“drink some water”“a glass of water”等结构;泛指水时不用复数。不要把water误当成只指饮用水,它也包括雨水、河水和海水等。uncountablePlease leave a bottle of water by my desk.请在我桌边放一瓶水。Water freezes at zero degrees Celsius.水在零摄氏度时结冰。
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common 一杯或一份水📖 在餐馆等场合,water也可数,表示一杯、一瓶或一份供一人饮用的水。💡 常用“a water”或“two waters”点饮料;这种可数用法依赖场景,尤其常见于点餐。正式说明物质本身时仍应使用不可数的water。countableCould I have a water with lemon, please?请给我一杯加柠檬的水,好吗?
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rare 古典元素中的水📖 在古代元素观或炼金术语境中,water被当作基本元素之一;这是历史思想中的说法,不是现代化学分类。💡 通常出现在历史、哲学或炼金术讨论中,不能用它替代现代化学对水的定义。普通科学语境中请按“水”理解。countable uncountable
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common 水域📖 指一片开阔的水面或水域,常用复数表示不同的水域。💡 常见结构是“open waters”或“foreign waters”;复数形式往往强调区域、范围或航行环境。不要在普通饮水语境中把waters当作water的随意复数。in-plural uncountableSmall boats are not allowed in these waters.这些水域不允许小船进入。
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rare 河流或湖泊📖 可指一条河、一个湖或水库,尤其出现在水体名称中;这种用法较旧、方言化或诗化。💡 多见于地名、旧文本和诗歌,现代日常英语通常直接说river或lake。遇到专名中的Water,不要机械地译成普通的“水”。archaic countable dialectal poetic uncountable
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common 某种水饮料📖 指水与其他物质混合后形成的某种饮用水或品牌水。💡 常见于“mineral water”“sparkling water”等名称,也可在餐馆用某个品牌名作限定。此时可数与否取决于说的是种类、品牌还是一份饮料。countable sometimesThe restaurant serves sparkling water and still water.这家餐馆供应气泡水和不含气的水。
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common 温泉水📖 复数waters可指含有特定矿物质或被认为有疗效的水,尤其指温泉水。💡 常见于“take the waters”这一固定说法,带有疗养或旅游语境。不要把它理解成普通的“多杯水”。countable in-plural oftenVisitors come here to take the waters.游客来这里泡温泉水疗养。
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rare 药用混合液📖 在药剂语境中,指水与药物或化学物质混合成的溶液,如氨水。💡 通常出现在药剂或化学名称中,常由其他名词修饰。日常对话中单独说water一般不表示这种药液。countable uncountable
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rare 体液或液体混合物📖 可指含水的体液或某种液体混合物;具体含义要由上下文决定。💡 多出现在固定短语或特定专业语境中,不能仅凭water判断具体是哪种液体。普通学习者先掌握基本义即可。countable uncountable
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common 体内积液📖 在口语医学表达中,指身体某处出现异常积液,如膝部积液。💡 常见结构是“water on/in + 身体部位”,属于口语化表达,正式医学文本可能使用更精确的术语。不要把它理解成皮肤表面普通的水。colloquial countable uncountableThe doctor said there was water on his knee.医生说他的膝盖有积液。
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common 供水服务📖 指城市或机构提供的供水系统和服务,而不只是管道中的水。💡 常见于“water bill”“water supply”“cut off the water”等结构;在这类搭配中water常作定语。谈账单或服务时不要只译成一杯“水”。attributive countable often uncountableOur water bill is due next week.我们的水费账单下周到期。
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common 艰难局势📖 把变化或困难的处境想成动荡的水面,因此可指一段状态或局势,常带不利意味。💡 常见结构是“rough/turbulent waters”,通常使用复数并带形容词。它是比喻用法,不表示真的有水。countable figuratively in-plural singular uncountableThe company is navigating rough waters after the merger.合并后,这家公司正在应对艰难局面。
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rare 直觉📖 在口语比喻中,指一种像身体内部发出的直觉或预感。💡 常见于“feel it in my waters”,语气随意且带玩笑色彩。不要把它当作普通表达“我觉得”的正式替代说法。colloquial countable figuratively uncountable
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rare 证券虚增价值📖 在旧式金融用语中,指通过夸大资产或资本等方式给证券加入并不存在的价值。💡 这是过时的金融术语,通常只在历史材料或金融史讨论中出现。现代普通语境中water不表示“虚增估值”。dated uncountable
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rare 品质或光泽📖 在描述宝石时,指类似水般清澈透明的品质或外观。💡 多见于固定的旧式宝石鉴定表达,属于专业或过时用法。不要把普通的“清澈”场景都换成这个义项。countable uncountable
waters
plural
verb
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core 浇水📖 把水倒到植物周围的土壤中,使植物得到水分。💡 常见结构是“water + 植物”或“water + 植物 + every day”;宾语是被浇水的植物。不要说成“water to the plants”来表达通常的浇花动作。transitiveI water the herbs every morning.我每天早上给香草浇水。Could you water my plants while I am away?我不在时,你能帮我给植物浇水吗?
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common 使湿润或灌溉📖 使某物被水打湿、充满水,或用水灌溉土地;眼泪也可以water某处。💡 常见结构是“tears water one’s eyes”或“water the fields”;根据宾语不同,可译为“使湿润、灌溉或使充满水”。不要把所有场景都译成给植物浇水。transitiveHeavy rain watered the dry fields.大雨灌溉了干旱的田地。
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common 给动物饮水📖 给动物提供饮用水。💡 常见结构是“water + 动物”,如water the horses;这里的宾语是动物,不是水。与“give the horses water”意思相近,但water更简洁。transitivePlease water the dogs before you leave.你走之前请给狗喝点水。
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rare 取水📖 指人或船去获取、装载或饮用所需的水。💡 通常是不及物用法,常见于航海或较旧的叙述中;现代日常英语更常说get water或take on water。不要把它和“浇水”混为一谈。intransitive
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rare 小便📖 口语俚语中,指向某处小便,常用于说动物或粗略地说人。💡 常见结构是“water + 地点或物体”,语气随意,可能显得粗俗。正式或礼貌场合应改用更直接但得体的表达。colloquial transitive
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common 加水稀释📖 向酒或其他液体中加水,使其浓度降低。💡 常见结构是“water down + 液体”或“water + 饮料”;water down还可引申为削弱观点、措施或内容。不要误解为把饮料“浇水”。transitiveHe watered down the juice because it was too sweet.果汁太甜了,所以他加水稀释。
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rare 虚增证券价值📖 旧式金融用语,指通过欺骗性记账等手段夸大证券价值。💡 通常只在旧金融文献或历史语境中出现,不能用于现代普通的“给股票估值”。学习时将其与名词的旧金融义一起识别即可。dated transitive
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common 流泪或分泌液体📖 指眼睛等部位充满或流出水样液体,最常见的是流泪。💡 常见结构是“one’s eyes water”或“make one’s eyes water”;eyes作主语时动词不带宾语。不要把它理解成主动给眼睛浇水。intransitiveThe smoke made my eyes water.烟熏得我眼睛流泪。
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rare 使织物呈波纹光泽📖 在纺织工艺中,使布料经过湿润和压光后呈现水波状光泽。💡 这是专业纺织用法,常见于描述丝绸或其他织物的加工。日常说water fabric通常不会自然表达这个意思。transitive
waters
present,singular,third-person
watering
participle,present
watered
participle,past
watered
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 10 组
secrete or form water, as tears or saliva;
同义词集:
water
My mouth watered at the prospect of a good dinner
His eyes watered
上位: release, secrete
supply with water, as with channels or ditches or streams
同义词集:
water
irrigate
Water the fields
上位: wet
下位: flush, hose, hose down, hush
fill with tears
同义词集:
water
His eyes were watering
上位: fill, fill up
provide with water
同义词集:
water
We watered the buffalo
上位: furnish, provide, render, supply
a facility that provides a source of water;
同义词集:
water system
water supply
water
the town debated the purification of the water supply
first you have to cut off the water
上位: facility, installation
a liquid necessary for the life of most animals and plants
同义词集:
water
he asked for a drink of water
上位: food, liquid, nutrient
the part of the earth's surface covered with water (such as a river or lake or ocean);
同义词集:
body of water
water
they invaded our territorial waters
they were sitting by the water's edge
上位: thing
下位: backwater, bay, briny, channel, crossing, drink, embayment, estuary, falls, ford, gulf, inlet, lake, main, ocean, pool, puddle, recess, sea, shallow, shoal, sound, stream, watercourse, waterfall, waterway
binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent
同义词集:
water
h2o
上位: liquid
下位: brine, fresh water, freshwater, saltwater, seawater, slush
once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
同义词集:
water
上位: element
liquid excretory product;
同义词集:
urine
piss
pee
piddle
weewee
water
there was blood in his urine
the child had to make water
上位: body waste, excrement, excreta, excretion, excretory product
🌳 词源
名词来自古英语wæter,最终追溯到原始印欧语中表示“水”的词根;动词由名词派生。
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Germanic *watōr
Proto-West Germanic *watar
Old English wæter
Middle English water
English water
From Middle English water, from Old English wæter (“water”), from Proto-West Germanic *watar, from Proto-Germanic *watōr (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (“water”).
Cognates
* Scots watter (“water”)
* Yola wadher, waudher (“water”)
* North Frisian waar, weeder, weeter, woar, woor, wååder, wåår (“water”)
* Saterland Frisian Woater (“water”)
* West Frisian wetter (“water”)
* Cimbrian bassar, bazzar (“water”)
* Dutch water (“water”)
* Dutch Low Saxon water, wotter (“water”)
* German Wasser (“water”)
* German Low German Water, Woter (“water”)
* Gottscheerish boßər, bàsser (“water”)
* Limburgish Waater, water (“water”)
* Luxembourgish Waasser (“water”)
* Mòcheno bòsser (“water”)
* Vilamovian woser (“water”)
* West Flemish woater (“water”)
* Yiddish וואַסער (vaser, “water”)
* Danish vand (“water”)
* Elfdalian wattn (“water”)
* Faroese vatn (“water”)
* Icelandic vatn (“water”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk vatn (“water”)
* Norwegian Bokmål vann (“water”)
* Swedish vatten (“water”)
* Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō, “water”)
* Old Irish coin fodorne (“otters”, literally “water-dogs”)
* Latin unda (“wave”)
* Lithuanian vanduõ (“water”)
* Polish woda (“water”)
* Russian вода́ (vodá, “water”)
* Albanian ujë (“water”)
* Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”)
* Armenian գետ (get, “river”)
* Sanskrit उदन् (udán, “wave, water”)
* Hittite 𒉿𒀀𒋻 (wa-a-tar, “water”)
🔄 变式
watered
past
watering
present
waters
plural
🏷 单词标签 & 词根