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understand

★★★★★
🇺🇸 /ˌʌndɚstˈænd/ 🇬🇧 /ˌʌndəˈstand/
intj 编号: U00291 牛津3000 BNC #391 COCA #320
understand 的核心意思是“听懂、看懂并真正明白”,也可进一步表示熟悉一项任务、理解事实或体会某人的意图;在马来西亚和新加坡英语中还可作表示“知道了、明白”的回应语。
💡 记忆钩子
把信息“站在两者之间”接住:先把话、文字或信号的意思接通,就是“听懂、看懂”;再把任务、事实和人的动机接通,就是“掌握、理解、体会”。
📝 学习建议
  • 先掌握“听懂或看懂意思”这一核心义,再扩展到“理解任务、事实和人的动机”。
  • 不要把 understand 只理解成“知道”;它常强调已经把意义、原因或意图弄明白,而不只是听说过。
  • 过去式和过去分词都是 understood,注意不要按规则直接加 -ed。
📖 中文释义
intj
  • common 明白了
    📖 作为回应时,表示“我听到了,也明白你的意思”,相当于把对方的话接住。
    💡 常单独使用,或放在回应句的开头。这个用法带有明显地区色彩,主要见于马来西亚和新加坡英语;在其他英语环境中单独这样说可能不自然。
    Malaysia Singapore
    “Please wait outside.” “Understand.”
    “请在外面等。”“明白了。”
verb
  • core 听懂;看懂
    📖 把话语、文字、标志或其他信息的意义接通并正确解释出来,就是“听懂、看懂”。重点是理解了内容,而不只是听见或看见。
    💡 常用 understand + 话语、说明、标志,或 understand what/why/how 引导的从句。否定式表示“没听懂、没看明白”,比表示“没听见”更强调意义没有接通;不要把 hear 和 understand 混用。
    intransitive transitive usually
    I didn't understand the last part of the instructions.
    我没看懂说明的最后一部分。
    Do you understand what she is asking?
    你明白她在问什么吗?
  • common 理解作品或内容
    📖 不仅能读到或听到表面内容,还能把较复杂、含蓄或难懂的整体意思理清楚。
    💡 常用 understand + 书、电影、讲话、笑话等内容,也可说 understand what a work means。这个用法强调对整体意义的把握,不一定表示赞同作者的观点;不要把“理解”误说成“喜欢”。
    intransitive transitive usually
    I watched the film twice, but I still don't understand it.
    我把这部电影看了两遍,还是没看懂。
  • core 掌握;熟悉做法
    📖 对一项任务、工作或专业已经熟悉到能够正确承担或完成,不只是知道它的名称。
    💡 常用 understand + 任务、工作、职责或方法,也可说 understand how to do something。它可以表示已经掌握,也可以表示正在学习掌握;不要只用 know 来表达“会正确做这件事”的含义。
    transitive usually
    Before you begin, make sure you understand the task.
    开始之前,务必确认自己已经明白这项任务。
  • common 理解事实或原则
    📖 把一个事实、规定或原则真正想通,并能把它当作成立的事情来接受;这不一定表示你赞成它。
    💡 常用 understand + 事实或规则,也常接 that 从句。说 I understand that... 只是表示“我明白……这一点”,不等于“我同意……”;中文里容易把这两层意思混在一起。
    transitive usually
    I understand that the rule applies to everyone.
    我明白这条规定适用于所有人。
  • common 理解意图或原因
    📖 把某人的动机、性格或行为原因接通,因此能体会他为什么这样做;也可用于弄清事件为什么发生。
    💡 常用 understand + 人,或 understand why/how + 从句。对人使用时不只是“听懂他说的话”,而是“体会他的处境或动机”;不要把 understand you 自动理解成“同意你”。
    transitive
    I understand why you need more time.
    我理解你为什么需要更多时间。
  • common 听说并推知
    📖 根据得到的信息,认为自己已经大致明白某件事,语气通常保留一点不完全确定,接近“据我所知、我了解到”。
    💡 常用 I understand that + 从句,尤其用于礼貌地确认传闻或已知信息。它比 I know that 更谨慎,不表示说话人亲自完全核实过;不要把它误解为单纯的“我听懂了”。
    transitive
    I understand that the meeting has been moved to Friday.
    据我了解,会议已经改到星期五了。
  • common 省略而默认存在
    📖 在语法或表达中,某个词虽然没有说出来,但根据上下文可以推知它存在;也就是“默认补出”。
    💡 常用于语法解释,结构上常说 a word is understood。它描述的是句子中被省略但可恢复的成分,不是“听懂某句话”;学习时把它和普通的“理解”义分开记。
    transitive
    In commands, the subject “you” is usually understood.
    在祈使句中,主语“你”通常是省略但默认存在的。
  • rare 在下面支撑
    📖 这是罕见而带幽默色彩的旧用法,把 under- 和 stand 拆开理解为“站在下面”,即支撑住某物。
    💡 通常只在过时的文字游戏或特定表演语境中出现,现代日常英语不这样使用。不要把它当作 understand 的普通词义;学习时记住核心的“理解”义即可。
    humorous rare
understands present,singular,third-person understanding participle,present understood participle,past understood past understand first-person,present,singular understood first-person,past,singular understand present,second-person,singular understandest archaic,present,second-person,singular understood past,second-person,singular understoodest archaic,past,second-person,singular understandeth archaic,present,singular,third-person understood past,singular,third-person understand plural,present understood past,plural understand present,subjunctive understood past,subjunctive understand imperative,present - imperative,past understanded archaic,participle,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 5 组
know and comprehend the nature or meaning of;
同义词集: understand
She did not understand her husband
I understand what she means
下位: apprehend, bottom, catch, compass, comprehend, construe, dig, fathom, figure out, follow, get, get the picture, grasp, grok, interpret, lick, penetrate, puzzle out, read, savvy, see, sense, solve, touch, translate, work, work out
perceive (an idea or situation) mentally; ; ;
同义词集: understand realize realise see
Now I see!
I just can't see your point
Does she realize how important this decision is?
I don't understand the idea
下位: appreciate, perceive, take account
believe to be the case
同义词集: understand infer
I understand you have no previous experience?
上位: believe
make sense of a language;
同义词集: understand read interpret translate
She understands French
Can you read Greek?
be understanding of
同义词集: sympathize sympathise empathize empathise understand
You don't need to explain--I understand!
🌳 词源
源自古英语,字面上与“站在中间”有关,后来发展为“把意思接通、理解”。
From Middle English understanden, from Old English understandan (“to understand”), from Proto-West Germanic *understandan (“to stand between, understand”), from Proto-Germanic *understandaną (“to stand between, understand”), equivalent to Old English under- (“between, inter-”) + standan (“to stand”) (Modern English under- + stand). Cognate with Old Frisian understonda (“to understand, experience, learn”), Old High German understantan (“to understand”), Middle Danish understande (“to understand”). Compare also Saterland Frisian understunda, unnerstounde (“to dare, survey, measure”), Dutch onderstaan (“to undertake, presume”), German unterstehen (“to be subordinate”).
🔄 变式
- imperat understanded archaic understandest archaic understandeth archaic understanding present understands present understood 1st_sg understoodest archaic
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