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train

★★★★

🇺🇸 /tɹˈeɪn/ 🇬🇧 /ˈtɹeɪn/

name 编号: T01945 牛津3000 BNC #1186 COCA #1516

“train”作动词主要表示练习、训练或培养，也可表示按序前进、调整方向、运输和拖曳；作名词可指连续排列的人或物、向后拖曳的部分，也有欺骗、圈套、线索和鲸油等较旧或专门的含义，还可用作姓氏。

💡 记忆钩子

抓住“拉成一条、拉到目标”这个核心画面：东西被拉在一起形成连续序列，人则通过反复练习被“拉”到更好的能力状态；由此再延伸出拖曳、按序前进和诱使等义项。欺骗、鲸油和姓氏属于另行发展的词源或较特殊用法。

📝 学习建议

先掌握动词“练习、训练”和名词“连续的人或物”这两个高频方向，再学习拖曳、运输和诱使等延伸义。
不要把所有义项都理解为同一个词源：表示欺骗、圈套的用法，以及表示鲸油的名词义，和主要的“拉、训练”词源不同。
表示练习自己的能力与教人形成能力时，分别注意“练习”和“训练、培养”的语境差别。

📖 中文释义

name

rare 姓氏

📖 “Train”可以作为英语姓氏使用；这不是普通词义，而是人的家族名称。

Trains plural

noun

common 拖曳的长条部分

📖 指衣服等物体向后拖着的细长部分，就像被拉在后面形成一条尾部；最典型的是婚纱或礼服的后摆。

💡 常用“the train of + 衣物”或“step on someone’s train”表示某人的衣摆被踩到。这个义项主要用于服装语境，尤其是正式礼服；不要把它和表示列车的“train”混为一谈。

Her long wedding-train caught on the chair as she stood up.

她站起来时，长长的婚纱拖尾被椅子勾住了。
rare 拖曳的部分

📖 指向后拖着的细长部分，是“拖尾”这一概念的过时用法。

obsolete
rare 拖曳的部分

📖 指向后延伸或拖曳的部分，带有诗歌或文学色彩。

poetic
rare 拖曳的部分

📖 指物体后方拖着的长条部分，属于古旧用法。

archaic
core 连续排列的一队

📖 指人或物被“拉成一条”后形成的连续队列、随从队伍或一连串事物。它强调的是彼此相连、前后排列的整体。

💡 常用“a train of + 名词”表示一连串人或物，也可说“in someone’s train”表示跟随某人的随从或一行人。这个义项比现代交通工具义更文学化，但在描述事件、车辆或想法连续出现时仍能见到。

A train of visitors moved slowly through the narrow gallery.

一队参观者缓慢地穿过狭窄的展厅。

The storm brought a train of problems for the small town.

这场暴风雨给这个小镇带来了一连串问题。
rare 一连串的人或物

📖 指被看作连续整体的一群人或一连串事物，主要出现在诗歌或文学性的比喻中。

💡 通常用“a train of + 名词”，并常带有文学或诗歌语气。现代普通对话中可改用表示“一连串”的更常见说法，以免显得过于书面。

figuratively poetic
rare 处于某种状态

📖 指事情或局势所处的状态、进展方式，是“连续发展成某种样子”的古旧表达。

obsolete
rare 连续的一群人或物

📖 指一群相互关联、连续出现的人或物，属于非正式用法。

informal
rare 多人性行为

📖 指涉及多人同时或连续参与的性行为，属于带有强烈俚语色彩的成人用法。

💡 通常出现在粗俗或性话题语境中，不能用于普通的“队列”或“连续排列”意义。该表达可能带有冒犯性，学习者在正式或陌生场合应避免使用。

slang

trains plural

noun

rare 欺骗；诡计

📖 指通过虚假手段诱使别人上当的行为，属于古旧名词义。

obsolete uncountable
rare 计谋

📖 指为达到目的而设计的计策或策略，属于古旧用法。

countable obsolete
rare 陷阱

📖 指捕捉动物的圈套，也可比喻使人陷入困境的设局。

countable obsolete
rare 诱饵

📖 指用来吸引人或动物上钩的诱因、诱饵或替身。

countable obsolete
rare 供鹰训练的活鸟

📖 指为训练幼鹰捕杀或引诱幼鹰而准备的、身体有缺陷的活鸟，这是猎鹰术中的古旧专门义。

countable obsolete
rare 线索；痕迹

📖 指能显示某人或某事经过的线索或痕迹，属于古旧用法。

countable obsolete

trains plural

noun

rare 鲸油

📖 指从鲸体提取的油脂，曾被用作燃料或其他工业材料；这是过时的历史用法。

obsolete uncountable

verb

core 练习能力

📖 通过反复练习把自己的某项能力拉到更好的状态，通常为了比赛、工作或其他目标。

💡 常用“train for＋比赛或目标”以及“train in＋技能或项目”。这里通常不直接带训练对象；说具体训练内容时可用“train to do something”。

intransitive

She trained every morning for the marathon.

她每天早晨训练，为马拉松比赛做准备。
core 训练并培养

📖 通过练习、指导和教育把某人或某种动物培养到能够完成特定事情的程度，就像把它拉向目标状态。

💡 常用“train somebody to do something”或“train somebody in something”。宾语可以是人或动物；不要把它和只表示传授一次知识的“teach”完全混同。

transitive

The coach trained the young players to work as a team.

教练训练年轻队员，让他们学会团队合作。
core 锻炼体能

📖 通过有计划的运动和锻炼改善身体状态，使体能逐渐被拉到更高水平。

💡 常说“train at the gym”“train with weights”或“train for a race”。它强调持续锻炼和体能准备，不一定表示学习某项技术。

intransitive

He trains with weights three times a week.

他每周进行三次力量训练。
common 按序前进

📖 人或物一个接一个地向前移动，形成连续的队列或路线。

💡 通常作不及物动词，常与“along”“behind”或方向短语连用。这个用法较书面，日常描述队伍移动时也常直接用“move”或“go”。

intransitive

The soldiers trained along the narrow road toward the village.

士兵们沿着狭窄的道路列队向村庄前进。
common 调整枪的方向

📖 把枪横向转动，使枪口对准新的方向；可以理解为把枪的指向拉到目标上。

💡 常用“train a gun on／upon somebody or something”，表示把枪瞄准某人或某物。不要把这里的“train”理解成训练枪或训练射击技术。

transitive

The guard trained his rifle on the locked door.

警卫把步枪对准了那扇锁着的门。
common 引导植物生长

📖 通过修剪、弯曲或固定枝条，把植物引导成某个方向或形状，就像把枝条拉到预定路线。

💡 常用“train a plant／vine along／over something”或“train a branch into a shape”。这是园艺用语，通常用于树、藤蔓和枝条，不是指给植物上课。

transitive

They trained the climbing roses over the garden arch.

他们把攀援玫瑰引导着长过花园拱门。
common 训练人工智能模型

📖 把大量数据输入算法，使算法逐渐学会完成某项任务并形成机器学习模型。这里是把数据“拉”进系统，让系统达到目标能力。

💡 常用“train a model／system on data”或“train an algorithm to do something”。这是机器学习领域的技术用法；数据是训练材料，模型或系统是被训练的对象。

transitive

The researchers trained the model on thousands of labeled images.

研究人员用数千张带标签的图像训练了这个模型。
common 用火车运输

📖 把货物或其他东西装上火车运输到另一处，强调借助铁路完成运送。

💡 常用“train something to＋地点”，但这种说法较少见，日常英语更常说“send／transport something by train”。不要把它理解成在火车上训练某物。

transitive

The equipment was trained to the capital after the repairs were finished.

设备修好后被用火车运往首都。
rare 追查矿脉源头

📖 在采矿语境中沿着矿脉或矿物迹象追踪，直到找到它的源头。

💡 通常用于采矿或地质专业文本，常见结构是“train a lode to its head”。普通语境中不要用它表示一般的追踪线索。

transitive
rare 给游戏加作弊程序

📖 在电子游戏中制作或使用修改程序，让游戏产生作弊效果。

💡 只见于较旧或特定的电子游戏俚语，通常带有“train a game”或“apply a trainer”的搭配。正式写作中应改用更明确的“modify a game”或“use cheats”。

transitive
rare 拖着走

📖 把某物沿地面或身后拖行，使它跟着移动。

💡 这是过时用法，通常作及物动词，后接被拖动的东西。现代英语中一般使用“drag”“pull”或“trail”。

obsolete transitive
rare 拖在地上行进

📖 某物沿着地面向前移动，同时有一部分拖在地上。

💡 这是过时的不及物用法，常用于描述物体或衣物拖地而行。现代语境中通常改用“trail along the ground”或“drag”。

intransitive obsolete

trains present,singular,third-person training participle,present trained participle,past trained past

verb

rare 诱使吸引

📖 通过劝说、策略或欺骗把某人引到某处或拉到自己一方；这是较旧的用法。

💡 常作及物动词，后接被诱使的人，或接“to／into＋地点、行动”。该义项带有文学或历史色彩，现代英语中通常用“entice”“lure”或“persuade”。

obsolete transitive
rare 关系亲密

📖 表示和某人关系非常亲近，是过时的口语用法。

💡 通常作“train with somebody”一类结构，但现代英语几乎不用这种表达。正式或日常交流中应改用“be close to somebody”或“be on intimate terms with somebody”。

colloquial obsolete

trains present,singular,third-person training participle,present trained participle,past trained past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 17 组

exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition

同义词集: train

She is training for the Olympics

上位: exercise, work out

undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession;

同义词集: train prepare

She is training to be a teacher

He trained as a legal aid

上位: learn, read, study, take 下位: apprentice, drill

create by training and teaching;

同义词集: train develop prepare educate

The old master is training world-class violinists

we develop the leaders for the future

上位: instruct, learn, teach 下位: drill, toilet-train

teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports;

同义词集: coach train

He is training our Olympic team

She is coaching the crew

上位: instruct, learn, teach

point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards; ; ;

同义词集: aim take train take aim direct

Please don't aim at your little brother!

He trained his gun on the burglar

Don't train your camera on the women

Take a swipe at one's opponent

上位: position 下位: aim, charge, direct, hold, level, place, point, sight, swing, target, turn

drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground;

同义词集: trail train

The toddler was trailing his pants

She trained her long scarf behind her

上位: drag

travel by rail or train;

同义词集: train rail

They railed from Rome to Venice

She trained to Hamburg

上位: ride

educate for a future role or function; ;

同义词集: prepare groom train

He is grooming his son to become his successor

The prince was prepared to become King one day

They trained him to be a warrior

上位: educate 下位: dispose, qualify

teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment; ;

同义词集: educate school train cultivate civilize civilise

Cultivate your musical taste

Train your tastebuds

She is well schooled in poetry

上位: down, fine-tune, polish, refine

cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it

同义词集: train

train the vine

上位: check, contain, control, curb, hold, hold in, moderate

develop (a child's or animal's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control;

同义词集: discipline train check condition

Parents must discipline their children

Is this dog trained?

上位: develop, make grow

wheelwork consisting of a connected set of rotating gears by which force is transmitted or motion or torque is changed

同义词集: gearing gear geartrain power train train

the fool got his tie caught in the geartrain

public transport provided by a line of railway cars coupled together and drawn by a locomotive

同义词集: train railroad train

express trains don't stop at Princeton Junction

piece of cloth forming the long back section of a gown that is drawn along the floor

同义词集: train

the bride's train was carried by her two young nephews

a series of consequences wrought by an event

同义词集: train

it led to a train of disasters

上位: aftermath, consequence

a procession (of wagons or mules or camels) traveling together in single file;

同义词集: caravan train wagon train

we were part of a caravan of almost a thousand camels

they joined the wagon train for safety

上位: procession

a sequentially ordered set of things or events or ideas in which each successive member is related to the preceding; ;

同义词集: string train

a string of islands

train of mourners

a train of thought

上位: series

🌳 词源

主要词源与“拉、拖”有关；表示欺骗的义项另源自“背叛”，鲸油义来自表示“泪滴”的日耳曼语词源，姓氏义还与猎人的陷阱或地名短语有关。

Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-der.? Latin trahere Vulgar Latin *tragīnāre Old French traïnerder. Old French trainder. Middle English trayne English train From Middle English trayne (“train”), from Old French train (“a delay, a drawing out”), from traïner (“to pull out, to draw”), from Vulgar Latin *traginō, from *tragō, from Latin trahō (“to pull, to draw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”). The verb was derived from the noun in Middle English. For the meaning to teach compare typologically Russian ната́скивать (natáskivatʹ) (akin to тащи́ть (taščítʹ)).

🔄 变式

trained past training present Trains plural

🏷 单词标签 & 词根