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thwart
★
🇺🇸 /θwˈɔɹt/
🇬🇧 /θwɔːt/
thwart 的核心画面是“横着挡住”:它既可表示横向、交叉,也可引申为反对、阻挠,使计划无法实现。现代英语中最值得优先掌握的是动词“挫败、阻止”。
💡 记忆钩子
想象一根横木突然横在道路上:它先是“横着、交叉”放置,接着变成“挡路、对着干”,最后让前进的计划“受阻、失败”。所以 thwart 的各层意思都围绕“横在某物前面并形成阻碍”展开。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握动词 thwart,尤其是表示计划被阻止的用法;横向位置、船用座板等义项在现代普通交流中较少见。
- 不要把 thwart 只理解成一般的“反对”:它常强调实际造成失败或无法继续,而不是单纯表达意见不同。
📖 中文释义
adj
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core 横着的;交叉的📖 表示某物横放、斜着穿过或与另一方向交叉,正是“横木挡在路上”的最初画面。💡 常见模式是“thwart + 名词”,表示某物横跨或斜穿另一个方向。这个形容词本身较旧,在现代英语中通常用 crosswise、transverse 或 across 等更常见的表达;不要把它误解成“失败的”。A thwart beam lay across the narrow passage.一根横梁横在狭窄的通道上。
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rare 固执反对的📖 形容人总是横着来、拒绝顺从,像一根横木一样故意挡住别人的意图;这是较旧的比喻用法。dated figuratively
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rare 不利的;倒霉的📖 形容局势像横木挡路一样不顺,使事情难以进行;这是较旧的引申义。dated figuratively
more thwart
comparative
most thwart
superlative
adv
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rare 横向地;斜着地📖 表示某物横着穿过行进方向或长度方向,仍然是“横着挡过来”的空间画面,但现代英语中已很少这样用。not-comparable obsolete
noun
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rare 船上的横向座板📖 指小船中横跨船身、供划船者坐下的座板,因为它横在船的长度方向上。
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rare 船身横撑📖 指垂直于船龙骨的横向支撑,用来保持船身的宽度,也可能支撑船舷。
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rare 阻挠;障碍📖 指把事情横向挡住、使其无法顺利进行的行为或障碍,是动词“阻挠”对应的名词用法。rare
thwarts
plural
prep
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rare 横过;斜穿📖 表示某物横着穿过另一处或另一方向,直接保留“横向挡过”的空间概念。archaic poetic
verb
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core 挫败;阻止📖 像横木挡在道路上,使计划、努力或企图无法继续或成功;这是 thwart 在现代英语中最重要的意思。💡 常见模式是“thwart + 计划、努力、企图”或“某人的计划被 thwarted”。它通常描述已经造成的阻碍或失败,不只是口头表示反对;被动式比主动式更常用于新闻和正式叙述。transitiveThe storm thwarted our plans for a picnic.暴风雨打乱了我们野餐的计划。The police thwarted the robbery before anyone was hurt.警方在有人受伤前制止了这起抢劫。
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rare 横放;交叉放置📖 表示把某物横着放在另一物上,直接对应“横木挡在路上”的空间画面;这是过时用法。obsolete transitive
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rare 挡住;阻碍📖 表示把某物放在路上或行动路径中来阻挡,也可比喻性地对抗某事;现代英语通常用更常见的 hinder、block 或 oppose。also figuratively obsolete transitive
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rare 横穿;逆向移动📖 表示使某物横向越过或逆着另一方向移动,是从“横着穿过”发展来的古旧用法。ambitransitive obsolete
thwarts
present,singular,third-person
thwarting
participle,present
thwarted
participle,past
thwarted
past
thwart
first-person,present,singular
thwarted
first-person,past,singular
thwart
present,second-person,singular
thwartest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
thwarted
past,second-person,singular
thwartedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
thwarteth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
thwarted
past,singular,third-person
thwart
plural,present
thwarted
past,plural
thwart
present,subjunctive
thwarted
past,subjunctive
thwart
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 2 组
hinder or prevent (the efforts, plans, or desires) of;
同义词集:
thwart
queer
spoil
scotch
foil
cross
frustrate
baffle
bilk
What ultimately frustrated every challenger was Ruth's amazing September surge
foil your opponent
上位: forbid, foreclose, forestall, preclude, prevent
下位: dash, disappoint, let down, ruin
a crosspiece spreading the gunnels of a boat; used as a seat in a rowboat
同义词集:
thwart
cross thwart
🌳 词源
源自古诺尔斯语中表示“横向、横过”的词根,后来由“横着挡住”发展出“反对、阻挠”和“使失败”的意思。
From Middle English thwerte, from the adjective thwert (“obstinate, perverse”), from Old Norse þvert, neuter of þverr (“transverse”).
Cognates
The English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍃 (þwairhs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer; also Proto-West Germanic *þwerh,
🔄 变式
-
imperat
more thwart
compar
most thwart
superl
thwarted
1st_sg
thwartedst
archaic
thwartest
archaic
thwarteth
archaic
thwarting
present
thwarts
plural
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