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thrash
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🇺🇸 /θɹˈæʃ/
thrash 主要表示猛烈地击打、使人或对手惨败,也可表示身体或事物剧烈乱动;此外还可作名词表示击打声,或在音乐、计算机领域表示特定概念。它还可以是英语姓氏。
💡 记忆钩子
把 thrash 想成一阵猛烈而杂乱的抽打:手脚乱甩是“剧烈挣扎或挥动”,狠狠打人就是“痛打”,把对手打得毫无还手之力就引申为“彻底击败”;在计算机里,则像系统被大量操作反复抽打,忙于换页而几乎无法正常工作。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“痛打”和“彻底击败”两层核心意思,再学习“剧烈乱动”以及计算机术语义。
- 不要把 thrash 只理解成普通的“打”;它常带有猛烈、连续、使对方难以招架的感觉。
📖 中文释义
name
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common 姓氏📖 Thrash 可以是英语姓氏,用来指某个家族或个人的姓。💡 通常使用“名字 + Thrash”或“Thrash + 名字”的人名结构,具体顺序取决于语境。不要因为它看起来像动词,就把人名中的 Thrash 当作“痛打”来理解。Dr. Thrash will speak at the meeting tonight.特拉什博士今晚将在会上发言。
Thrashes
plural
noun
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rare 击打声📖 指猛烈击打这一动作,或这种击打发出的声音;它把动词 thrash 的“猛烈抽打”变成了名词。💡 常见结构是“the thrash of + 名词”,用来说明什么东西发出的猛烈拍打声。这个名词义较文学化或描写性较强,日常英语中通常会改用更具体的声音名词。countable
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common 激流金属📖 在音乐语境中,thrash 是 thrash metal 的简称,指速度快、演奏猛烈的重金属音乐分支。💡 通常用作不可数名词,常见结构是“listen to thrash”或“a thrash band”。它属于音乐爱好者常用的简称,不要把这里的 thrash 当成动词“痛打”。abbreviation alt-of ellipsis uncountableMy brother listens to thrash when he works out.我哥哥锻炼时听激流金属。
thrashes
plural
verb
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core 痛打📖 指连续而猛烈地打某人或某物,重点不是轻轻击打,而是打得很重、很狠。这是从“猛烈抽打”这一核心画面最直接发展出来的意思。💡 常见结构是“thrash + 人/动物”或“be thrashed”,通常用于描述暴力行为。这个词语气很强,不能随意替代表示轻微拍打的词;在正式或敏感语境中,注意它可能明确暗示虐待或严重伤害。The dog thrashed the toy from side to side.那只狗把玩具左右猛烈地甩来甩去。He was thrashed by a group of older boys.他被一群年长的男孩狠狠打了一顿。
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core 彻底击败📖 指在比赛、竞争或争论中把对手打得毫无还手之力,语气比普通的“击败”更强。它是从现实中的猛烈击打引申到竞争中的“压倒性胜利”。💡 常见结构是“thrash + 对手”,也常用于被动结构“be thrashed”。多用于体育比赛和竞争语境,语气较口语化、带有明显的悬殊感,不宜用于仅仅险胜的场合。Our team thrashed the visitors 6–1.我们队以六比一大胜客队。The new product thrashed its rivals in the first quarter.这款新产品第一季度就把竞争对手远远甩在了后面。
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rare 脱粒📖 指把谷物的籽粒从穗或茎上打下来,也就是 thresh 的另一种形式;可以把它看作“用猛烈击打来处理谷物”。💡 通常用于农业或历史语境,现代日常英语中一般使用 thresh。不要把这个义项理解成普通的“打人”。
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common 剧烈乱动📖 指身体、四肢或物体剧烈而不规则地动来动去,像被一阵猛烈力量抽打着。这一义项保留了核心画面中的“乱甩”和“用力挣扎”。💡 常见结构是“thrash about/around”或“thrash in + 地点/介词短语”,也可以接表示方向或对象的短语。它强调动作剧烈且不规则,不等于普通的 move 或 wave;描述人时常带有挣扎、痛苦或努力的意味。The fish thrashed about on the deck.那条鱼在甲板上剧烈地扑腾。
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rare 反复压测软件📖 在软件或工程语境中,指给程序反复输入各种数据并观察其行为和输出,以便广泛测试系统。💡 通常用于技术文档,常见结构是“thrash + 系统/程序”或“thrash a system”。这里不是指打击,也不是普通的调试聊天用语。
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rare 发生内存抖动📖 在计算机体系结构中,指虚拟内存或分页系统频繁换页,导致系统大部分时间都在处理换页而不是执行实际任务;可以理解为系统被反复的内存操作“抽打”得无法顺畅工作。💡 通常用于“the system thrashes”或“cause the system to thrash”等技术结构。它是专业术语,不表示程序一般变慢,也不宜在非计算机语境中使用。
thrashes
present,singular,third-person
thrashing
participle,present
thrashed
participle,past
thrashed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 8 组
a swimming kick used while treading water
同义词集:
thrash
beat thoroughly and conclusively in a competition or fight
同义词集:
cream
bat
clobber
drub
thrash
lick
We licked the other team on Sunday!
上位: beat, beat out, crush, shell, trounce, vanquish
give a thrashing to; beat hard
同义词集:
thrash
thresh
lam
flail
上位: beat, beat up, work over
beat the seeds out of a grain
同义词集:
thrash
thresh
上位: beat
move data into and out of core rather than performing useful computation
同义词集:
thrash
The system is thrashing again!
上位: swap
beat so fast that (the heart's) output starts dropping until (it) does not manage to pump out blood at all
同义词集:
thrash
上位: beat, pound, thump
move or stir about violently
同义词集:
convulse
thresh
thresh about
thrash
thrash about
slash
toss
jactitate
The feverish patient thrashed around in his bed
上位: agitate, shake
下位: whip
dance the slam dance
同义词集:
slam dance
slam
mosh
thrash
上位: dance, trip the light fantastic, trip the light fantastic toe
🌳 词源
动词和相关名词义源自中古英语,和现代英语 thresh(脱粒)同源;姓氏义另列,词源资料未说明。
From Middle English thrasshen, thresche, threschen, threschyn, threshen, thresshen, tressyn, þreisshe, þresshe, (whence the modern English thresh), from Old English þerscan, þrexan, from Proto-Germanic *þreskaną (“to thresh; to tread”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn; to drill, pierce”).
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch dorsen (“to thresh; to thrash”), German and Luxembourgish dreschen (“to thresh; to thrash”), Yiddish דרעשן (dreshn, “to thresh”), Danish tærske (“to thresh”), Faroese treskja (“to thresh”), Icelandic þreskja (“to thresh”), Norwegian Nynorsk treska, treske, treskja, treskje (“to thrash”), Swedish tröska (“to thresh”), Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan, “to thresh”), Finnish rehkiä (“to drudge; to toil”); also Welsh taradr (“auger, wimble; awl, borer; drill”), Latin terō (“to rub or triturate; to wear away or wear out, consume; to tread; to press with a mill; to pass, spend”), Greek τρίβω (trívo, “to grate; to rub”), Albanian tjerr (“to spin”), Belarusian це́рці (cjérci, “to rub; to polish; to pinch; to grind”), Bulgarian три́я (tríja, “to rub; to chafe; to grind”), Czech třít (“to rub; to spawn”), Polish tarć, treć, trzeć, trzyć (“to rub; to shred; to cut; to chafe; to crush; to spawn”), Russian тере́ть (terétʹ, “to rub; to polish; to grind”), Serbo-Croatian тр̏ти, tȑti (“to rub; to cause friction; to scour; to break, crush”), Slovak trieť (“to rub”), Slovene treti (“to crack open; to rub”), Ukrainian те́рти (térty, “to rub; to scrub”), Armenian թուր (tʻur, “sword”), Sogdian ܕܣܦܪܛܪ (dsprtr, “hand towel”), Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to perform a round dance, to dance in twisting manner”), Tocharian A and Tocharian B tärk- (“to allow, let; to let go”), Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”).
🔄 变式
thrashed
past
Thrashes
plural
thrashing
present
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