← 返回单词列表
system
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /sˈɪstʌm/
system 是名词，核心指彼此关联、共同运作的整体，也可指组织事情的一套方法；在特定语境中还可指某种权力结构、角色扮演游戏规则或多个心理部分组成的整体。
💡 记忆钩子
把 system 想成“站在一起、彼此配合的一组东西”：零件、机构或观念站在一起，就成了一个运作的整体；把事情安排好的步骤站在一起，就成了一套方法；在特定语境中，这个整体还可以是社会权力网络、游戏规则，或多个心理部分组成的系统。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“协同运作的整体”和“做事的方法”这两个核心义，再根据语境理解制度、权力结构或游戏规则等延伸义。
- 不要把 system 一律机械地译成“制度”；它也常指机器、身体、思想或组织中的系统，而“制度”只是某些社会语境下的译法。
📖 中文释义
noun
-
core 由相关部分组成的整体📖 指许多彼此有关的部分组合起来、共同发挥作用的整体，可以是机器、身体、组织、思想或自然现象。重点不只是“有很多东西”，而是这些部分互相配合，形成一个整体。💡 常用“a system of + 名词复数”表示由一组相关事物构成的系统，也常见“the human nervous system”这类“the + system”结构。修饰具体系统时要明确它属于什么领域；不要把任何简单的集合都叫 system，因为各部分通常应当存在联系或协作。countable uncountableThe city has an efficient public transport system.这座城市有一套高效的公共交通系统。Our solar system includes the Sun and the planets that orbit it.我们的太阳系包括太阳和围绕它运行的行星。
-
rare 多个心理部分组成的系统📖 在讨论某些心理结构时，system 可指由多个彼此关联的心理部分或人格状态组成的整体；它仍然保留“多个部分共同构成一个整体”的核心概念。💡 通常出现在心理健康、身份结构或相关研究的语境中，常与表示组成部分的复数名词连用。日常对话中不要随意用它给他人的心理状态贴标签，这一用法依赖具体专业或社群语境。countable uncountable
-
common 既有权力结构📖 大写并常带 the 的 The System 指被看作一整套既有机构、规则和权力关系的社会结构，通常带有批评或不满意味；它把许多相互支持的权力部分看成一个整体。💡 通常用固定形式“the System”，并常与反抗、改变、对抗等表达搭配。它不是中性地指任何管理制度；在正式或客观写作中，最好改用更具体的机构、制度或权力结构名称。capitalized countable derogatory often uncountableMany young activists want to change the System.许多年轻活动家希望改变现有的权力体系。
-
common 角色扮演游戏规则体系📖 在角色扮演游戏中，system 指规定角色创建、行动、战斗和结果判定的一整套规则；这些规则共同构成游戏运作的框架。💡 常见于游戏说明、玩家讨论和出版信息中，通常与表示游戏或规则的词连用，如“a new role-playing system”。不要把它仅理解为某一条规则；这里通常指能支撑整场游戏的一套规则。countable uncountableThis role-playing system uses simple rules for combat.这套角色扮演游戏规则用简单的规则处理战斗。
-
core 一套组织或计划方法📖 指为了完成任务、安排工作或实现目标而组织起来的一套方法和步骤。它与 s1 相连：这里“站在一起”的不一定是物件，而是按一定逻辑配合的做法。💡 常见结构有“a system for + 动名词”和“a system of + 名词”，也可说“have/use/develop a system”。它通常强调可重复、可遵循的安排，不等于临时想到的一个办法；在表示单次解决方案时，method 或 way 可能更自然。countable uncountableShe developed a system for keeping track of her expenses.她制定了一套记录开支的方法。The teacher uses a simple system to organize the students' work.这位老师用一套简单的方法来安排学生的作业。
systems
plural
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 9 组
instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity;
同义词集:
system
he bought a new stereo system
the system consists of a motor and a small computer
上位: instrumentality, instrumentation
下位: assemblage, containment, eds, electronic network, exhaust, exhaust system, explosive detection system, hookup, labyrinth, maze, network, resonator, scaffolding, staging
an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized;
同义词集:
organization
organisation
system
his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality
we can't do it unless we establish some system around here
the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole
同义词集:
system
exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system
a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts
同义词集:
system
the body has a system of organs for digestion
下位: central nervous system, cns, frame, mononuclear phagocyte system, mps, res, reticuloendothelial system, skeletal system, skeleton, system of macrophages, systema nervosum centrale, systema skeletale, tract
a complex of methods or rules governing behavior;
同义词集:
system
system of rules
they have to operate under a system they oppose
that language has a complex system for indicating gender
上位: method
下位: accounting, discipline, ethic, ethical code, frame, frame of reference, government, logic, logical system, program, programme, system of logic, theological system, theology
an organized structure for arranging or classifying; ;
同义词集:
arrangement
organization
organisation
system
he changed the arrangement of the topics
the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original
he tried to understand their system of classification
上位: structure
下位: calendar, design, distribution, lattice, ontology, plan, statistical distribution
a procedure or process for obtaining an objective
同义词集:
system
they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation
a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole
同义词集:
system
scheme
a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going
上位: group, grouping
下位: body, economic system, economy, ecosystem, judicatory, judicature, judicial system, judiciary, machinery, network, organism, social organisation, social organization, social structure, social system, structure, syntax, web
(physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium;
同义词集:
system
in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface
a system generating hydrogen peroxide
上位: matter
🌳 词源
来自希腊语中表示“把东西组合、组织起来”的词，字面上与“站在一起”有关；经拉丁语和法语进入英语。
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱómder.?
Proto-Indo-European *sem-der.?
Proto-Hellenic *ksún
Ancient Greek σύν (sún)
Ancient Greek συν- (sun-)
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti
Proto-Hellenic *hístāmi
Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi)
Ancient Greek σῠνῐ́στημῐ (sŭnĭ́stēmĭ)
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Hellenic *-mə
Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)
Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma)bor.
Late Latin systēma
Middle French systemebor.
English system
Partly borrowed from Middle French sisteme, systeme, partly directly from its etymon Late Latin systēma (“harmony; musical scale; set of celestial objects; set of troops; system”), from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠνίστημῐ (sŭnístēmĭ, “to combine, organize”) + -μᾰ (-mă, resultative suffix). σῠνίστημῐ is from σῠν- (sŭn-, “with, together”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”).
Cognate with Dutch systeem, modern French système, German System, Italian sistema, Portuguese sistema, Spanish sistema. Doublet of systema.
🔄 变式
systems
plural
🏷 单词标签 & 词根