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survive
★★★★
🇺🇸 /sɚvˈaɪv/
survive 表示“活下来、继续存在”,也可表示熬过某个危险事件、比别人活得久,或在困境中保住地位。
💡 记忆钩子
把 survive 想成“风暴过后还站着”:人经历危险仍活着,物或传统经历变化仍存在;接上事件就是“熬过它”,接上人或事物就是“比它活得更久”,在体育中则是“撑住、不降级”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“活下来”和“熬过某事”,再扩展到“继续存在”“比某人活得久”等含义。
- 不要把 survive 只理解成“幸存者”;它通常是动词,主语可以是人、物、制度、球队等。
📖 中文释义
verb
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core 活下来;仍然活着📖 指人在危险、疾病或事故之后仍然活着,重点是生命没有终止。💡 常用“主语 + survive”表示某人活下来了。它是不及物动词时后面不能直接接宾语;若要说“熬过某事”,应使用带宾语的另一种结构。intransitiveAll the hikers survived.所有徒步旅行者都活了下来。She survived despite her serious injuries.尽管伤势严重,她还是活了下来。
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core 继续存在;留存下来📖 主语不一定是人,也可以是建筑、传统、企业或想法,表示它经历时间或变化后仍没有消失。💡 常用“某物 + survive”或“某物 + survive + 变化或时代”来说明留存。此义比“活下来”更抽象,不能机械地译成“幸存”;在谈制度、文化或物品时尤其常见。intransitiveThe old bridge survived the flood.那座老桥经受住了洪水,保留了下来。
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core 熬过;在事件中活下来📖 表示经历一个可能致命或极其危险的事件后仍活着,强调“撑过了这件事”。💡 最常见结构是“survive + 事故、灾难或疾病”,也可用“survive the event”这样的搭配。不要在这里再加表示“在其中”的介词;事件直接作宾语即可。transitiveHe survived the plane crash.他在那场飞机失事中活了下来。The dog survived the operation.这只狗熬过了手术。
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common 比……活得久;比……持久📖 表示某人活过了另一个人,或某个事物比另一个事物存在得更久,核心仍是“继续留下来”。💡 表示“比某人活得久”时常用“survive + 人”,也可用“人 + be survived by + 人”表示“死后留下某人”。这个结构容易被误解为“被某人救活”,实际说的是寿命先后。transitiveShe survived her husband by ten years.她比丈夫多活了十年。
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rare 遭受严重伤害后活下来并逐渐康复📖 特指经历重大创伤、疾病、虐待或灾难后没有死亡,并表现出恢复和继续生活的力量。💡 常用“survive + 创伤经历”或“survive and recover”来描述这类经历。用于创伤语境时应保持尊重,不要把它随意用于轻微困难,也不要暗示康复过程必然迅速或完整。intransitive
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common 避免降级;保住联赛席位📖 谈球队时,表示球队在赛季或竞争中撑住了,没有降到较低级别的联赛。💡 常见于体育报道,尤其是“survive the season”或“survive in the league”等结构。这里的“活下来”是比喻用法,指保住参赛级别,不是指球员真的面临生命危险。intransitiveThe team survived in the top division by one point.这支球队以一分之差保住了顶级联赛席位。
survives
present,singular,third-person
surviving
participle,present
survived
participle,past
survived
past
survive
first-person,present,singular
survived
first-person,past,singular
survive
present,second-person,singular
survivest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
survived
past,second-person,singular
survivedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
surviveth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
survived
past,singular,third-person
survive
plural,present
survived
past,plural
survive
present,subjunctive
survived
past,subjunctive
survive
imperative,present
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imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
support oneself; ;
同义词集:
exist
survive
live
subsist
he could barely exist on such a low wage
Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
Many people in the world have to subsist on $1 a day
下位: breathe, drift, freewheel
continue to live and avoid dying; ; ;
同义词集:
survive
last
live
live on
go
endure
hold up
hold out
We went without water and food for 3 days
These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
The race car driver lived through several very serious accidents
how long can a person last without food and water?
One crash victim died, the other lived
live longer than
同义词集:
outlive
outlast
survive
She outlived her husband by many years
continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)
同义词集:
survive
pull through
pull round
come through
make it
He survived the cancer against all odds
反义: succumb, yield
上位: defeat, get the better of, overcome
🌳 词源
源自古法语和拉丁语,核心词源含义是“活在……之上”,因此逐渐形成“活下来、比……活得久”的意义。
From Anglo-Norman survivre, Old French survivre, from Late Latin supervīvere (“to outlive”), from Latin super (“over”) + vivere (“to live”), akin to vita (“life”). See vivid. Compare devive, revive.
🔄 变式
-
imperat
survived
1st_sg
survivedst
archaic
survives
present
survivest
archaic
surviveth
archaic
surviving
present
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