surpass

surpass 是动词，表示超过某人、某物或某个标准，尤其常用于成绩、表现和成就超过预期。

💡 记忆钩子

把它想成“跨过前面的界线”：先是实际越过某个范围，后来常引申为在成绩、能力或成就上超过别人或原本的期待。

📝 学习建议

不要把 surpass 只理解成“打败”；它强调达到并超过某个水平、标准或对象，不一定涉及竞争或对抗。
学习时先掌握“超过某人或某个标准”的核心意思，再理解它在正式语境中表示成就超出预期的用法。

📖 中文释义

verb

core 超过；胜过

📖 表示跨过某个水平或界线，在成绩、能力、数量或成就上超过某人、某物或原先的期待。重点是“达到之后还更进一步”，因此既可以超过别人，也可以超过一个标准。

💡 常用结构是 “surpass + 对象”，例如表示超过老师的期待或超过上一年的成绩。它通常直接接宾语，不说成带介词的结构；在表示表现突出时，常用于较正式的评价、报道和书面表达。不要把它机械地理解为“打败”，因为对象也可以是目标、纪录或期待，而不必是竞争对手。

transitive

Her final score surpassed everyone’s expectations.

她的最终成绩超出了所有人的预期。

The young athlete surpassed his previous record.

这名年轻运动员超过了自己原来的纪录。

surpasses present,singular,third-person surpassing participle,present surpassed participle,past surpassed past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 4 组

be or do something to a greater degree; ; ;

同义词集: surpass outstrip outmatch outgo exceed outdo surmount outperform

her performance surpasses that of any other student I know

She outdoes all other athletes

This exceeds all my expectations

This car outperforms all others in its class

上位: beat, beat out, crush, shell, trounce, vanquish 下位: beat, better, break, circumvent, out-herod, outcry, outfox, outshout, outsmart, outweigh, outwit, overreach, shame

move past; ;

同义词集: travel by pass by surpass go past go by pass

A black limousine passed by when she looked out the window

He passed his professor in the hall

One line of soldiers surpassed the other

上位: go, locomote, move, travel 下位: skirt

be greater in scope or size than some standard

同义词集: exceed transcend surpass

Their loyalty exceeds their national bonds

distinguish oneself

同义词集: excel stand out surpass

She excelled in math

下位: exceed, go past, outrank, overstep, pass, rank, top, transcend

🌳 词源

来自中古法语 surpasser，字面可分析为 sur-（在上面、超过）加 pass（经过、通过），核心意象是“越过去”。

From Middle French surpasser (“to pass beyond”). By surface analysis, sur- + pass. Displaced native Old English oferstīgan (literally “to climb over”).

🔄 变式

surpassed past surpasses present surpassing present

🏷 单词标签 & 词根