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suppose
★★★★
🇺🇸 /sʌpˈoʊz/
suppose 主要表示“假定、认为或设想”:说话人把一个想法暂时放进事实框架里,再据此判断或推演。
💡 记忆钩子
把一个想法“放在下面”作为暂时支撑:先把它当作真的来判断,就是“认为、料想”;把它放进一个推理场景里,就是“假设”;把它放进脑海中当作画面,就是“设想”。有时它还表示某个结论本身要求某条件先成立,即“以……为前提”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“我想、我猜”这一常用的委婉判断义,再学习用于推理的“假设”。注意 I suppose 常常表示不完全确定,不等于中文“我当然知道”。
- 不要把 suppose 机械理解成“支持”或“应该”;看到被动形式时,再根据上下文判断是“被认为”还是“被假定”。
📖 中文释义
verb
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core 认为;料想📖 说话人没有绝对把握,但根据已有情况把某事当作大概真实来判断;中文常可译为“我想、我猜、我认为”。💡 常用句型是 I suppose + 从句,也可用 suppose so 表示“我想是这样”。它常放在口语判断中,带有保留或委婉语气。不要把它理解成正式、确定的结论;若要明确表达事实,应根据语境换用更肯定的说法。intransitive transitiveI suppose the train will be late again.我想这趟火车又要晚点了。She was tired, I suppose, after the long meeting.我想,开了那么久的会以后,她累了。
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core 假设;设定条件📖 在推理、讨论或解题时,先把一个尚未证实的情况当作前提,再观察会推出什么结果。💡 常见句型是 Suppose + 从句,意思接近“假设……”,后面通常接推论、问题或结果。它可用于课堂、写作和日常提出方案,语气比正式的论证术语更灵活。不要误以为这里是在断言前面的情况已经发生;它只是暂时放进推理框架。transitiveSuppose the price rises by ten percent—how will that affect sales?假设价格上涨百分之十,这会怎样影响销量?Suppose we take the earlier bus; we could arrive before noon.假设我们乘早一班公交车,就可能在中午前到达。
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core 设想;想象成📖 把某个事物或场景放进脑海中,当作一种可能的画面或情况来想;重点在想象,而不一定是在进行严密推理。💡 常见结构是 suppose + 名词或代词 + 补语,也可用 suppose that + 从句。这个用法常见于讲故事、提出情境或帮助别人想象某种状态。后接宾语补语时,不要漏掉表示“成为什么样”的部分。transitiveSuppose you wake up one morning and find that you can fly.设想一下,你某天早晨醒来,发现自己会飞。I supposed the dark shape was a tree.我把那个黑影看成了一棵树。
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rare 视为;认作📖 旧式用法,表示把某人或某物评价、认定为某种身份或性质,可看作“认为”的历史性扩展。💡 常见于古典文学或历史文本中的被动结构,如 be supposed as。现代英语通常不用它表达普通的“视为”,阅读时可根据上下文理解,不必主动使用。obsolete transitive
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common 以……为前提;意味着必须有📖 某个结论、计划或观念要成立,就必须先假定另一个条件成立;也就是它把那个条件当作隐藏的基础。💡 常见句型是 A supposes B,意思是“A 以 B 为前提”,也可用 be supposed to exist or be true 一类结构。这个用法偏书面,常见于哲学、学术或严肃讨论。不要和表示义务的 be supposed to 混为一谈;后者通常表示“应该、被要求”。transitiveA fair comparison supposes that both teams have the same information.公平的比较以两队掌握相同信息为前提。
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rare 欺诈性替换📖 极其陈旧的用法,指用欺骗手段把一个人或物换成另一个来冒充;它仍可看作“把某物放到原位置上”的特殊延伸。💡 只要在古旧叙事或历史文本中遇到这一义项即可,现代英语中几乎不这样使用。它常出现在主动结构中,后接被替换的对象和冒充者;不要把现代常见的 suppose 自动解释成这种欺诈行为。obsolete transitive
supposes
present,singular,third-person
supposing
participle,present
supposed
participle,past
supposed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 5 组
expect, believe, or suppose; ; ;
同义词集:
think
opine
suppose
imagine
reckon
guess
I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel
I thought to find her in a bad state
he didn't think to find her in the kitchen
I guess she is angry at me for standing her up
上位: anticipate, expect
下位: suspect
to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds
同义词集:
speculate
theorize
theorise
conjecture
hypothesize
hypothesise
hypothecate
suppose
Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps
上位: anticipate, expect
下位: construct, develop, explicate, formulate, reconstruct, retrace
require as a necessary antecedent or precondition
同义词集:
presuppose
suppose
This step presupposes two prior ones
上位: imply
take for granted or as a given; suppose beforehand
同义词集:
presuppose
suppose
I presuppose that you have done your work
上位: assume, presume, take for granted
下位: posit, postulate, premise, premiss
express a supposition;
同义词集:
suppose
say
Let us say that he did not tell the truth
Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
上位: speculate
🌳 词源
源自中古英语,来自古法语,由表示“在下面”的前缀和表示“放置”的词根构成,原本有“放在下面作为依据”的意味。
From Middle English supposen, borrowed from Old French supposer, equivalent to prefix sub- (“under”) + poser (“to place”); corresponding in meaning to Latin supponere (“to put under, to substitute, falsify, counterfeit”), suppositum. See pose.
🔄 变式
supposed
past
supposes
present
supposing
present
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