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sully
🇺🇸 /sˈʌli/
🇬🇧 /ˈsʌli/
sully 主要是英语动词,表示“弄脏、玷污”以及引申的“损害名誉”;也可作名词表示污点,并可作为姓氏、名字 Sullivan 的昵称或地名名称。
💡 记忆钩子
把一块原本干净的表面弄上污痕,就是 sully;污痕可以落在手、物品上,也可以落在名誉上,因此从“弄脏”自然引申为“玷污、损害”,而名词义就是留下的“污点”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握动词的两条主线:“弄脏具体东西”和“玷污名誉”;不要把它只理解成普通的“弄坏”。
- 它不是“sully”与“soil”在现代英语中的完全同义替换:sully 常带有玷污名誉或尊严的引申意味。
📖 中文释义
name
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common 姓氏📖 Sully 可以是英语姓氏,本身不表示“污点”或“弄脏”。💡 常见模式是“姓氏 + 人名”,或在介绍姓名时单独出现。它作为姓氏时通常保留原形,不加普通名词的复数或冠词;须结合姓名语境,避免按动词义理解。countable uncountableDr. Sully will speak at the meeting.萨利博士将在会上发言。
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common Sullivan 的昵称📖 Sully 也可以是男性名 Sullivan 的简称或昵称,常用于熟人或非正式称呼。💡 常见模式是“人名 + Sully”或直接称呼某人为 Sully。昵称的正式程度和亲密程度取决于本人及语境,不要擅自把所有名为 Sullivan 的人都称作 Sully。countable uncountableEveryone calls Sullivan “Sully.”大家都叫 Sullivan “萨利”。
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common 地名📖 Sully 还可作为某个地点的专名;仅凭这个词本身无法确定具体是哪一处。💡 常见模式是“地点介词 + Sully”或“Sully + 地名类别”。作为地名时通常不翻译其字面动词义,具体地点要看国家、地图或上下文;不要把它自动理解为普通词“污点”。countable uncountableThey spent the summer in Sully.他们在 Sully 度过了那个夏天。
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common 地名的简称📖 在特定语境中,Sully 也可以是一个较长地名的简称或省略形式,仍然指地点而不是动作。💡 常见模式是“去、在、来自 + Sully”等地点表达。简称通常依赖当地人的共同语境,正式文件中可能使用完整地名;遇到不熟悉的 Sully,应查上下文而不要自行扩展其含义。abbreviation alt-of countable ellipsis uncountableThe train stops at Sully before noon.这趟火车中午前在 Sully 停靠。
Sullys
plural
Sullies
plural
noun
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rare 污点;瑕疵📖 这个名词义表示物品或形象上留下的污痕、瑕疵,与“弄脏”这一核心概念相连,但属于过时或少见用法。💡 通常出现在古旧或历史文本中,常作可数名词表示一个污点或瑕疵。现代写作中不要主动用它替代更常见的表达;阅读时可根据上下文译为“污点”或“瑕疵”。obsolete rare
sullies
plural
verb
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core 弄脏;玷污表面📖 把原本干净的东西弄上污痕,就是 sully;重点是清白或整洁被破坏了。💡 常见模式是“sully + 手、衣服、物品”等具体名词。它通常是及物动词,需要明确指出被弄脏的对象;在正式语境中也常用来强调“不愿让自己沾上某种不光彩的事”。transitiveHe refused to sully his hands with dishonest work.他不愿让自己的双手沾上不诚实的工作。The muddy water sullied her white coat.泥水弄脏了她的白外套。
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core 玷污;损害名誉📖 污痕也可以落在一个人的名誉、声望或形象上,因此 sully 可表示通过行为或言语使它们受损、蒙羞。💡 常见模式是“sully + reputation、name、honor、record”等抽象名词。它通常暗示名誉受到不公正或不光彩的损害,语气比一般的“批评”或“伤害”更重;不要把它只理解成身体上的弄脏。transitiveThe false accusation sullied her reputation.这项虚假指控损害了她的名誉。He would never sully the family name.他绝不会玷污家族的名声。
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common 变脏;失去光泽📖 当主语自己变脏、变暗或失去原有光泽时,sully 表示污痕落在它上面,结果是它不再洁净或鲜明。💡 常见模式是“物品 + sully”或“物品 + become/grow + sullied”。这个用法通常描述金属、表面或形象逐渐失去光泽,主语就是发生变化的事物;不要在此结构后再强行补一个宾语。ergative intransitiveThe silver had sullied over time.这件银器随着时间推移失去了光泽。
sullies
present,singular,third-person
sullying
participle,present
sullied
participle,past
sullied
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 5 组
charge falsely or with malicious intent; attack the good name and reputation of someone;
同义词集:
defame
slander
smirch
asperse
denigrate
calumniate
smear
sully
besmirch
The journalists have defamed me!
The article in the paper sullied my reputation
上位: accuse, charge
下位: assassinate, libel
make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically;
同义词集:
tarnish
stain
maculate
sully
defile
The silver was tarnished by the long exposure to the air
Her reputation was sullied after the affair with a married man
上位: blob, blot, fleck, spot
下位: darken
place under suspicion or cast doubt upon
同义词集:
defile
sully
corrupt
taint
cloud
sully someone's reputation
上位: deflower, impair, mar, spoil, vitiate
French statesman (1560-1641)
同义词集:
sully
duc de sully
maxmilien de bethune
United States painter (born in England) of portraits and historical scenes (1783-1872)
同义词集:
sully
thomas sully
🌳 词源
动词源自中古英语及古英语中表示“弄脏、玷污”的词,词源可能与“浓稠液体、污泥”有关;作为姓氏、昵称和地名的来源不确定。
From Middle English sulen, sulien (“to become dirty; to defile, pollute, taint”), from Old English sylian (“to soil, pollute; to sully”), from Proto-West Germanic *sulwōn, *sulwijan (“to make dirty; to sully”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid, muck”), perhaps conflated partially with Old French souillier (“to soil”) (modern French souiller) from the same Germanic source. The word is cognate with Danish søle (“to sully”), West Flemish seulewen (“to sully”) (Middle Dutch soluwen (“to sully”)), German sühlen (“to sully”), Old Saxon sulian (“to sully”), Swedish söla (“to sully”). Also compare Middle English sulpen (“to defile, pollute”), Old English solian (“to soil, become defiled, make or become foul”), and see more at soil.
🔄 变式
sullied
past
Sullies
plural
sullying
present
Sullys
plural
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