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substantiate
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🇺🇸 /sʌbstˈæntʃiˌeɪt/
🇬🇧 /səbˈstænʃieɪt/
动词，指用证据证实某个说法，也可指把抽象内容落实为具体形式或书面记录。
💡 记忆钩子
把一个没有分量的说法“加上实物和证据”，让它变得站得住：先是用证据证实指控或事实，再引申为把想法落实成具体形式，或写进文件使其有据可查。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“用证据证实某事”这一核心义，再理解“使抽象内容具体化”的引申义。
- 不要把它误解为“使某物变得实质性”；它通常强调提供依据、落实形式或形成记录，而不是单纯表示“重要”或“真实”。
📖 中文释义
verb
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core 用证据证实📖 指拿出事实、文件或其他证据，证明某个指控、说法或主张确有根据，让它不再只是未经证明的说法。💡 常见搭配是“substantiate allegations/claims”或“substantiate a statement”，意思是为这些内容提供证据。它多用于正式、法律或调查语境，语气比普通的“证明”更强调证据是否足够。不要把它当作“提出一个说法”；这个词表示证明已经提出的内容。transitiveThe report failed to substantiate the allegations.这份报告未能为这些指控提供足够证据。Can you substantiate your claim with reliable data?你能用可靠的数据证明你的主张吗？
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core 使具体化并留下记录📖 指把想法、计划或其他抽象内容变成看得见的形式，或者写入文件，使它获得明确而可查的实体。它和“证实”共享同一条思路：给原本不够具体的内容增加实质。💡 常见结构是“substantiate + idea/plan”或“substantiate + agreement/decision in documents”。接抽象内容时，重点是落实或具体化；接文件、记录时，重点是把内容正式写明。这个义项较正式，不能简单理解成普通的“制造”或“写下来”。transitiveThe contract substantiates the agreement reached by both sides.这份合同把双方达成的协议正式记录了下来。
substantiates
present,singular,third-person
substantiating
participle,present
substantiated
participle,past
substantiated
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
solidify, firm, or strengthen
同义词集:
substantiate
The president's trip will substantiate good relations with the former enemy country
上位: beef up, fortify, strengthen
establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts;
同义词集:
confirm
corroborate
sustain
substantiate
support
affirm
his story confirmed my doubts
The evidence supports the defendant
反义: contradict, negate
下位: back, back up, demonstrate, document, establish, prove, shew, show, validate, verify, vouch
make real or concrete; give reality or substance to
同义词集:
realize
realise
actualize
actualise
substantiate
our ideas must be substantiated into actions
上位: create, make
下位: express, incarnate
represent in bodily form;
同义词集:
incarnate
body forth
embody
substantiate
He embodies all that is evil wrong with the system
The painting substantiates the feelings of the artist
上位: be
🌳 词源
源自中古拉丁语，原义与“赋予实体、给予实质”有关。
From Medieval Latin substantiatus (“given substance”), from the verb substantiare, first used 1657.
🔄 变式
substantiated
past
substantiates
present
substantiating
present
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