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study
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /stˈʌdi/
🇬🇧 /ˈstʌd.i/
study既可以表示“学习、研究”这一过程,也可以表示学习或研究的内容、成果和相关场所;作动词时还常指仔细观察或思考。
💡 记忆钩子
把study想成“把注意力集中在一个对象上”:集中精力获取知识,就是学习;集中目光仔细看,就是研究、查看;被集中研究的对象或成果,就是一项研究,甚至是专门学习的房间。少数艺术、音乐和棋类用法,也都保留着“为了练习或深入理解而专注投入”的核心。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握动词的“学习”和“仔细研究、查看”,再掌握名词的“学习、研究”和“书房”;艺术、音乐、棋类等义项可后学。
- study不只表示为考试复习,也能表示长期学习某门学科或对任何对象进行深入观察;不要把它机械地只译成“背书”。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 学习;研习📖 指为了获得知识而进行的学习,也可以指某一门学习活动。这里的核心是把注意力和精力持续投入到知识上。💡 常见结构是“the study of + 学科或对象”,也可说“study”表示一般的学习活动。它既可数也不可数;不要只把它理解为考前复习,因为它也能指长期的学术研习。countable uncountableThe study of languages is fascinating.语言学习很有趣。Her study of history began at school.她从上学时就开始学习历史。
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core 研究;考察📖 指有目的地仔细观察、分析某人或某事的过程,重点不只是获得知识,而是深入查明对象。💡 常见结构是“a study of + 对象”,也可说“make a careful study of + 对象”。表示一次具体的调查或分析时通常用可数形式;不要误以为它只能指学校里的学习。countable uncountableThe report is based on a careful study of local traffic.这份报告基于对当地交通的仔细研究。She made a study of the old building before restoring it.修复那座老建筑前,她对它进行了研究。
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common 研究对象;研习内容📖 指被专门学习、研究或持续关注的某个学科、主题或对象;也就是“注意力集中到什么上面”。💡 常见结构是“someone’s study”或“a subject of study”,表示某人的研究领域或研究对象。这个义项常和学科、文本、自然现象等搭配;不要把它和一项具体的研究报告混为一谈。countable uncountableMarine biology is her main field of study.海洋生物学是她主要的研究领域。
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common 书房📖 指住宅中用于读书、写作或工作的房间;这个房间的用途也体现了“集中注意力学习或思考”的核心。💡 通常说“the study”或“a study”,常和“in、work in、go to”连用。它指家中的书房,不是泛指任何教室或办公室;现代语境中不必理解为只属于男性家长的房间。countable uncountableI keep my desk and books in the study.我把书桌和书放在书房里。
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common 练习性作品📖 指艺术家为了练习或展示某种对象、技巧而创作的作品,例如专门练习画手部的画稿。💡 常见结构是“a study of + 人体、物体或主题”,表示一幅练习性画作或类似作品。这个用法多见于艺术评论和展览语境;不要把它自动理解成完整的正式作品。countable uncountableThe museum displayed a study of a farmer’s hands.博物馆展出了一幅农民双手的习作。
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rare 表情写照📖 指一个人的脸或表情非常典型,仿佛成了某种情绪的生动写照。💡 常见结构是“someone’s face was a study”,多用于文学性或带幽默色彩的描写。它不是说对脸进行了科学研究,而是说表情很能体现某种状态。countable uncountable
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common 练习曲📖 在音乐中指为专门练习某种演奏技巧而写的曲子,也就是练习性作品的一种。💡 通常说“a study for + 乐器”或直接说“a study”,多见于古典音乐语境。它强调技巧训练,不等同于所有供娱乐演奏的普通乐曲。countable uncountableShe practises a piano study every morning.她每天早上练习一首钢琴练习曲。
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common 学术研究报告📖 指以学术方式发表的研究成果,通常包含对某个问题的调查、分析和结论。💡 常见结构是“a study on/of + 主题”,通常作可数名词。它常用于新闻、学术和正式写作;不要把这里的study理解为研究活动本身,而要理解为一份研究成果。countable literary uncountableA new study on sleep has attracted public attention.一项关于睡眠的新研究引起了公众关注。
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rare 背熟戏剧角色的人📖 指已经把戏剧角色台词和表演部分记熟、准备上台的人,是较旧或专业的戏剧用法。💡 这个义项很少见,通常出现在旧式戏剧语境中。现代英语中一般会直接说明演员或已经记熟台词的人,不要把普通的学生理解成这个意思。countable uncountable
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rare 棋局习题📖 指专门设计的残局棋题,要求一方通过思考取胜或和棋,并重视解题的艺术性。💡 通常出现在棋类书籍或评论中,和棋类术语及残局语境连用。它不是普通的一盘棋,也不是泛指学习棋艺的过程。countable uncountable
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rare 困惑;忧虑📖 这是古旧用法,指人陷入困惑或忧虑、反复思索的状态,可以看作“专注思考”发展出的消极一面。💡 现代日常英语中几乎不用这个名词义项,遇到时多凭上下文理解。不要把它和现代常见的“学习”或“研究”义项混用。countable obsolete uncountable
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rare 意图;挂念之事📖 这是古旧用法,指一个人心里专门想着、在意或打算做的事情。💡 常见于旧文学或模仿古风的表达,现代口语通常改用“意图、打算或关心的事”等说法。不要把它当作现代英语中普通的“学习”名词。archaic countable uncountable
studies
plural
verb
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core 学习;复习📖 指通过集中精力阅读、练习和回顾来获得或巩固知识,常常是为了考试或避免遗忘。💡 常见结构是“study for + 考试”或“study + 科目”,也可单独说“study hard”。它既可用于学校学习,也可用于独自复习;不要只把它译成临近考试时的突击背诵。intransitive literary transitive usuallyI need to study for my biology exam tonight.今晚我得复习生物考试。She studies every evening after dinner.她每天晚饭后学习。
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common 攻读;修读📖 指在学校或大学系统地学习某门课程或专业。💡 常见结构是“study + 学科”或“study at + 学校”,也可说“study for + 学位”。在表示正在攻读专业时,英语通常直接用study,不要按中文习惯强行加上表示参加课程的介词。literary transitiveHe studies medicine at a university in London.他在伦敦的一所大学攻读医学。
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core 研究📖 指为了理解、说明或实际应用而系统地调查某个对象或问题;对象不一定是书本,也可以是生物、社会现象等。💡 常见结构是“study + 对象”,也可用被动结构说明某对象正在被研究。这个用法比“学习某门课”更强调调查和分析;不要误以为研究只能由大学生或科学家进行。transitiveScientists study how plants respond to light.科学家研究植物如何对光线作出反应。
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core 仔细查看📖 指把目光集中在某物上,认真、细致地查看,以便弄清它的内容或细节。💡 常见结构是“study + 地图、文件、脸或物体”,通常直接接宾语。它比普通的“看一眼”更认真、更仔细;不要把它误解为一定涉及学校学习。transitiveWe studied the map before choosing a route.我们仔细看了地图后才选择路线。She studied his face for a moment.她仔细端详了他的脸片刻。
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common 思考;琢磨📖 指把心思长时间集中在一个问题上,认真思索或斟酌,而不一定真的查阅资料。💡 常见结构是“study + 问题、计划或如何做某事”,也可用“study to do”表示认真设法做某事。这个用法较正式或文学化;日常口语中常用更直接的表示思考的词。transitiveShe studied the problem before giving her answer.她认真思考了这个问题后才回答。
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rare 努力致力于📖 指认真努力地争取某种状态或完成某件事,核心仍是把精力专注投入到目标上。💡 常见于较正式或古旧的结构“study to do something”,现代口语通常改用更直接的表示努力或设法的说法。不要把这里的study理解成坐下来读书。intransitive
studies
present,singular,third-person
studying
participle,present
studied
participle,past
studied
past
study
first-person,present,singular
studied
first-person,past,singular
study
present,second-person,singular
studiest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
studied
past,second-person,singular
studieth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
studied
past,singular,third-person
study
plural,present
studied
past,plural
study
present,subjunctive
studied
past,subjunctive
study
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 16 组
be a student of a certain subject
同义词集:
learn
study
read
take
She is reading for the bar exam
下位: audit, drill, exercise, practice, practise, prepare, train
learn by reading books;
同义词集:
study
hit the books
He is studying geology in his room
I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now
上位: acquire, larn, learn
下位: bone, bone up, con, cram, drum, get up, grind away, learn, memorise, memorize, mug up, swot, swot up
be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
同义词集:
study
下位: major, minor
a detailed critical inspection
同义词集:
survey
study
上位: examination, scrutiny
consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; ;
同义词集:
analyze
analyse
study
examine
canvass
analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare
analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
analyze your real motives
下位: appraise, assay, audit, check, check into, check out, check over, check up on, compare, consider, diagnose, follow, go over, inspect, investigate, look at, look into, name, reexamine, review, screen, scrutinise, scrutinize, sieve, sift, survey, suss out, trace, view
think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes
同义词集:
study
meditate
contemplate
He is meditating in his study
上位: cerebrate, cogitate, think
give careful consideration to
同义词集:
study
consider
consider the possibility of moving
上位: chew over, contemplate, excogitate, meditate, mull, mull over, muse, ponder, reflect, ruminate, speculate, think over
下位: compare, equate, factor, factor in, factor out, liken
preliminary drawing for later elaboration
同义词集:
sketch
study
he made several studies before starting to paint
上位: drawing
下位: design, draft, rough drawing
a room used for reading and writing and studying
同义词集:
study
he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
上位: room
a state of deep mental absorption
同义词集:
study
she is in a deep study
上位: absorption, concentration, engrossment, immersion
applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading);
同义词集:
study
work
mastering a second language requires a lot of work
no schools offer graduate study in interior design
上位: acquisition, learning
attentive consideration and meditation
同义词集:
cogitation
study
after much cogitation he rejected the offer
上位: contemplation, musing, reflection, reflexion, rumination, thoughtfulness
a branch of knowledge; ;
同义词集:
discipline
subject
subject area
subject field
field
field of study
study
bailiwick
in what discipline is his doctorate?
teachers should be well trained in their subject
anthropology is the study of human beings
上位: domain, knowledge base, knowledge domain
下位: applied science, architecture, arts, communication theory, communications, divinity, engineering, engineering science, frontier, genealogy, humanistic discipline, humanities, liberal arts, major, science, scientific discipline, technology, theology
a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique
同义词集:
study
a study in spiccato bowing
上位: composition, musical composition, opus, piece, piece of music
a written document describing the findings of some individual or group
同义词集:
report
study
written report
this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
上位: document, papers, written document
下位: assay
someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play)
同义词集:
study
he is a quick study
🌳 词源
动词和名词都经由古法语追溯到拉丁语,和“热情、投入、学习”有关。
Inherited from Middle English studie, from Old French estudie (Modern French étude), borrowed from Latin studium (“zeal, dedication, study”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to push, to hit”). Doublet of etude and studio.
🔄 变式
-
imperat
studied
1st_sg
studies
plural
studiest
archaic
studieth
archaic
studying
present
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