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strut
★
🇺🇸 /stɹˈʌt/
🇬🇧 /stɹʌt/
strut 主要表示“趾高气扬地走”,也可指支撑结构或用支撑物加固;另有少数过时义。
💡 记忆钩子
想象一只孔雀把尾巴撑开、昂着头走:身体向外挺、姿态显得骄傲,于是有了“趾高气扬地走”;同一个“撑住、顶住”的画面又引申出建筑中的“支撑杆”和“用支撑物加固”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握动词“趾高气扬地走”和名词“支撑杆”,这两个义项在现代英语中最值得优先学习。
- 不要把 strut 当作普通的“走”;它通常带有夸张、自负或炫耀的姿态。
📖 中文释义
adj
-
rare 鼓胀的📖 指某物因为内部充满而向外鼓起或凸出,是过时的形容词用法。obsolete
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rare 醉醺醺的📖 在苏格兰旧用法中指喝醉了的;现代英语通常不用 strut 表示这个意思。Scotland obsolete
more strut
comparative
most strut
superlative
noun
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core 趾高气扬的步态📖 指昂着头、身体挺直、带着骄傲或自命不凡神情走路的姿态。它不只是“走得僵硬”,而是突出一种故意摆出威风的样子。💡 常见结构是 a strut 或 walk with a strut,也可以说 give a strut。这个词通常含有轻微讽刺意味,不宜用来中性地描述普通步行;描写动物时也可以突出其炫耀般的姿态。also figurativelyHe entered the room with a proud strut.他趾高气扬地走进了房间。
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rare 调整衣褶的工具📖 历史上指用来调整皱领褶子的工具;这是专门的历史义,不是现代日常词义。💡 只会在服饰史或旧文献语境中见到,通常需要依靠上下文确认。不要把这个义项和现代建筑中的支撑杆混为一谈。historical
struts
plural
noun
-
core 支撑杆📖 指用来撑住、固定或加固某个结构的梁或杆,常见于建筑、车辆和机械中。记住“把东西撑住”的核心画面,就能和 strut 的动词义联系起来。💡 常见结构是 a strut supporting something 或 a strut between two parts。它是工程用语,强调结构功能;不要简单译成任何“杆”,因为它通常承担支撑或加固作用。The mechanic replaced a damaged strut under the car.修理工更换了汽车底部损坏的支撑杆。
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rare 支撑或偏斜📖 指用支撑杆加固的动作,或轮辐等部件偏离正常位置的状态;这是工程领域的边缘用法。💡 通常出现在工程说明中,不能像普通名词一样泛指“走路姿态”。遇到轮子或结构部件时,要根据上下文判断它说的是加固动作还是位置偏斜。
struts
plural
verb
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common 像孔雀一样昂首走📖 原本可指孔雀等鸟昂首、挺身、展开尾巴地站立或行走,画面是把自己向外撑开来炫耀。💡 常见结构是 a bird struts 或 strut around with its tail spread。这个义项多用于描写鸟类的姿态,也可带拟人色彩;不要只理解为鸟在普通地走。intransitiveThe peacock strutted across the garden with its tail spread.孔雀展开尾巴,昂首阔步地走过花园。
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core 趾高气扬地走📖 指人昂着头、挺着身子、摆出骄傲或自命不凡的样子走来走去。这是现代英语中最核心的动词义,和“孔雀炫耀般地撑开自己”的画面相连。💡 常见结构是 strut around/about,或 strut into/out of a place。它通常带讽刺或不赞许的语气;如果只是想说“自信地走”,不要自动使用 strut。also broadly figuratively intransitiveHe strutted around the office as if he owned the place.他在办公室里趾高气扬地走来走去,好像那地方是他的一样。She strutted onto the stage in her new jacket.她穿着新夹克,神气十足地走上舞台。
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common 神气地走过📖 指趾高气扬地走过某个地方,重点是动作经过舞台、街道或其他场所,而不只是描述走路姿态。💡 常见结构是 strut across/along/down a place,后面直接接地点。它仍然带有炫耀或自负色彩;与 strut around 不同,这一结构更明确地表示“走过某处”。broadly transitiveThe model strutted down the runway with a confident smile.模特带着自信的微笑,神气地走过T台。
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rare 鼓起、凸出📖 过时地指某物因充满或肿胀而向外凸出,和“向外撑起”的核心画面有关。💡 通常会和 out 连用,但现代英语一般改用更常见的表示鼓起或凸出的词。不要在现代日常表达中用它描述普通肿胀。intransitive obsolete
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rare 使鼓起、凸出📖 过时地指使某物向外鼓起或突出,是 s4 的及物对应义。💡 通常采用 strut something out 一类结构,但这种用法只适合旧文本或历史语境。现代英语中不要把它当作普通的“使……突出”来使用。obsolete transitive
struts
present,singular,third-person
strutting
participle,present
strutted
participle,past
strutted
past
strut
first-person,present,singular
strutted
first-person,past,singular
strut
present,second-person,singular
struttest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
strutted
past,second-person,singular
struttedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
strutteth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
strutted
past,singular,third-person
strut
plural,present
strutted
past,plural
strut
present,subjunctive
strutted
past,subjunctive
strut
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
verb
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common 用支撑杆加固📖 指用梁、杆等支撑物把结构撑住、固定或加强;核心仍是“向外顶住、使其保持稳定”。💡 常见结构是 strut a wall with a beam,或 strut a structure by adding supports。它通常是及物动词,必须说明被支撑的对象;在工程语境外使用会显得不自然。also figuratively transitiveWorkers strut the old wall before repairing the roof.工人在修屋顶前先用支撑杆加固旧墙。
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rare 斜接或弯成锐角📖 指部件以斜角连接,或弯成明显的锐角;这是从支撑结构的形状发展出的工程用法。💡 通常用于描述构件的位置或形状,常和 at an angle 等表达搭配。它不是表示某人走路的动作,阅读技术说明时要根据主语判断其结构义。intransitive
struts
present,singular,third-person
strutting
participle,present
strutted
participle,past
strutted
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 3 组
a proud stiff pompous gait
同义词集:
strut
prance
swagger
上位: gait
to walk with a lofty proud gait, often in an attempt to impress others
同义词集:
tittup
swagger
ruffle
prance
strut
sashay
cock
He struts around like a rooster in a hen house
上位: walk
brace consisting of a bar or rod used to resist longitudinal compression
同义词集:
strut
上位: brace, bracing
🌳 词源
动词与名词都和“鼓起、向外突出、挺直”有关;表示“支撑杆”的名词义后来又产生了“用支撑物加固”的动词义。
The verb is derived from Middle English strouten, struten (“to bulge, swell; to protrude, stick out; to bluster, threaten; to object forcefully; to create a disturbance; to fight; to display one's clothes in a proud or vain manner”) [and other forms], from Old English strūtian (“to project out; stand out stiffly; to exert oneself, struggle”), from Proto-Germanic *strūtōną, *strūtijaną (“to be puffed up, swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *streudʰ- (“rigid, stiff”), from *(s)ter- (“firm; strong; rigid, stiff”).
The English word is cognate with Danish strutte (“to bulge, bristle”), Low German strutt (“stiff”), Middle High German striuzen (“to bristle; to ruffle”) (modern German strotzen (“to bristle up”), sträußen (obsolete, except in Alemannic)); and compare Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌿𐍄𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌻 (þrutsfill, “leprosy”), Old Norse þrútinn (“swollen”).
The noun is derived from the verb. Noun sense 2 (“instrument for adjusting the pleats of a ruff”) appears to be due to a misreading of a 16th-century work which used the word stroout (strouted (“caused (something) to bulge, protrude, or swell; strutted”)).
🔄 变式
-
imperat
more strut
compar
most strut
superl
struts
plural
strutted
1st_sg
struttedst
archaic
struttest
archaic
strutteth
archaic
strutting
present
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