struggle

struggle 表示在困难、阻力或冲突中艰难地用力；可以指身体上的挣扎，也可以指为目标奋斗或难以应对某事。

💡 记忆钩子

把 struggle 想成一个人被阻力紧紧缠住，身体先扭动挣脱；这种费力对抗也可以扩大为为目标奋斗，或在困难面前苦苦应对。因此它的核心不是普通的“努力”，而是带着阻力、冲突和艰难感的努力。

📝 学习建议

不要把 struggle 只理解成身体上的“挣扎”；在现代英语中，表示面对困难、问题或生活处境而苦苦应对同样很常见。
学习时可先掌握“艰难应对某事”和“为目标奋斗”两条抽象用法，再把身体挣扎作为具体画面记忆。

📖 中文释义

noun

core 身体挣扎

📖 指人在被抓住、受困或执行困难动作时扭动身体、奋力摆脱的动作；这是“被阻力缠住而用力”的最具体画面。

💡 常用结构是“a struggle to escape”或“a struggle with someone”，也可以说“a brief/violent struggle”。这里通常指实际的身体对抗，不要把任何普通动作困难都称为 struggle。

After a short struggle, the child freed himself from the net.

挣扎了一会儿后，孩子从网中挣脱了出来。
common 艰苦奋斗；冲突

📖 指为解决困难、实现目标或争取权利而进行的艰苦努力，也可以指双方之间持续的冲突；身体上的对抗在这里变成了抽象的对抗。

💡 常用结构是“a struggle for something”“a struggle to do something”或“the struggle against something”。它既可用于个人生活，也可用于社会和政治话题；不要把它误解成轻松、短暂的尝试。

figuratively

Their struggle for equal rights continued for many years.

他们为争取平等权利而进行的斗争持续了很多年。

struggles plural

verb

common 奋力争取；对抗

📖 指在强烈阻力或冲突中奋力做某事、争取某物，或与某人某事对抗；重点是持续用力而不是轻松完成。

💡 常用结构是“struggle to do something”“struggle for something”或“struggle against something”。表示争取目标时可用于个人或群体，语气通常比普通的 try 更强，也更突出困难。

The workers struggled for better pay and safer conditions.

工人们为更高的工资和更安全的工作条件而奋斗。
core 艰难应对

📖 指面对问题、任务或处境时感到困难，因而苦苦应对；这里不一定有实际的身体动作，但仍保留了“被阻力缠住、费力向前”的核心感觉。

💡 最常用结构是“struggle with something”，也可说“struggle to do something”。后面接具体问题时通常用 with，接想完成的动作时通常用 to 加动词；不要说“struggle something”来表达“难以应对某事”。

Many students struggle with time management.

许多学生在时间管理方面感到很困难。

She struggled to understand the instructions.

她费了很大劲才理解这些说明。
common 身体挣扎

📖 指通过扭动、用力拉扯等身体动作来摆脱控制或困境，是“对抗阻力”这一核心概念的直接身体表现。

💡 常用结构是“struggle to escape/free oneself”或“struggle with someone”。通常不及物使用，若要说明摆脱的对象，可用 from 或 out of；不要把它和只表示移动缓慢的动词混用。

The trapped animal struggled to get out of the box.

被困住的动物奋力想从箱子里出来。

struggles present,singular,third-person struggling participle,present struggled participle,past struggled past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 7 组

strenuous effort

同义词集: struggle

the struggle to get through the crowd exhausted her

上位: effort, elbow grease, exertion, sweat, travail 下位: grapple, grappling, hand-to-hand struggle, wrestle, wrestling

an energetic attempt to achieve something;

同义词集: struggle battle

getting through the crowd was a real struggle

he fought a battle for recognition

上位: attempt, effort, endeavor, endeavour, try 下位: duel, joust, scramble, scuffle, tilt

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals); --Thomas Paine

同义词集: conflict struggle battle

the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph

police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs

下位: combat, feud, fight, fighting, insurrection, rebellion, revolt, rising, scrap, strife, uprising, war, warfare

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight; ;

同义词集: contend fight struggle

the tribesmen fought each other

Siblings are always fighting

Militant groups are contending for control of the country

下位: assail, attack, battle, box, combat, defend, duel, engage, fence, feud, fight, fight back, fight down, get back, oppose, scuffle, settle, skirmish, spar, tourney, tug, tussle, wage, war, wrestle 参见: drive back, fight off, rebuff, repel, repulse

to exert strenuous effort against opposition

同义词集: struggle

he struggled to get free from the rope

上位: endeavor, endeavour, strive

climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling

同义词集: clamber scramble shin shinny skin struggle sputter

上位: climb

make a strenuous or labored effort;

同义词集: fight struggle

She struggled for years to survive without welfare

He fought for breath

上位: assay, attempt, essay, seek, try 下位: drive, flounder, labor, labour, push, tug

🌳 词源

词源不确定，可能与表示“绊倒、跌倒”或“僵硬、挺直”的古日耳曼语词根有关，后来发展出艰难对抗、挣扎的含义。

From Middle English struglen, stroglen, strogelen, of obscure origin; perhaps from a variant of *strokelen, *stroukelen (> English stroll), from Middle Dutch struyckelen ("to stumble, trip, falter"; > Modern Dutch struikelen), the frequentative form of Old Dutch *strūkon (“to stumble”), from Proto-Germanic *strūkōną, *strūkēną (“to be stiff”), from Proto-Indo-European *strug-, *ster- (“to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall”), Cognate with Scots strugil (“to struggle, grapple, contend”). Also related to Middle Low German strûkelen ("to stumble"; > Low German strükeln), Old High German strūhhēn, strūhhōn ("to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray"; > German strauchen, straucheln). Alternative etymology derives the base of struggle from Old Norse strúgr (“arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will”) + -le (frequentative suffix), from Proto-Germanic *strūkaz (“stiff, rigid”), ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European root above, which would make it cognate with dialectal Swedish strug (“contention, strife, discord”), Norwegian stru (“obstinate, unruly”), Danish struende (“reluctantly”), Scots strug (“difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task”).

🔄 变式

struggled past struggles plural struggling present

🏷 单词标签 & 词根