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state
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /stˈeɪt/
🇬🇧 /steɪt/
state 的核心意思是“处于某种状态”，也可指社会地位、政治实体（国家或州），以及“陈述、说明”。
💡 记忆钩子
把 state 想成“站着的样子”：一个人或事物“站在什么状态”中，就是某种状态；一个人“站在什么位置”上，就是地位；一群人共同“站在一块土地和制度中”，就是国家或州；把情况明确说出来，则是把它“站出来说明”。
📝 学习建议
- 不要把 state 一律译成“状态”：在政治语境中常译为“国家”或“州”，在动词中则是“陈述、说明”。
- 先掌握“状态”和“国家、州”这两个名词核心义，再学习动词和技术义；state 与 status、estate 同源，但三者不能互换。
📖 中文释义
adj
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rare 庄严的；气派的📖 指外表或举止显得庄严、有气派，属于过时用法，可看作“站得很有威仪”。💡 通常放在名词前或用于文学性的描述中。这个形容词义在现代日常英语里基本不使用，也不要把它和表示“国家的、州的”的复合词混淆。obsolete
more state
comparative
most state
superlative
name
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common 公立大学简称📖 在大学名称中，State 可以指名称里含有该词的公立大学，尤其常见于美国大学或校队语境。💡 常见模式是直接用 State 指代前文已经明确的大学，或出现在某某 State 这样的校名中。它通常是专名的一部分，首字母大写；阅读体育新闻时要根据上下文确定具体是哪所学校。State begins fouling late in the game.比赛后段，州立大学队开始不断犯规。
noun
-
core 状态；状况📖 指某人、某物或某件事在某一时刻所处的情况或条件，也就是“站在什么样子里”。💡 常见模式是 a state of + 名词，或直接用 in a state 表示处于某种状况。它可以描述身体、心理、物体或社会情况；不要把所有“情况”都换成 state，具体事件经过通常更常用 situation 或 condition。The house was in a terrible state after the storm.暴风雨过后，这所房子的状况糟透了。Meditation helped her reach a calm state of mind.冥想帮助她达到平静的心境。
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common 糟糕的状况📖 在口语中，尤其是 a state 或 an absolute state，常指某人或某物处于混乱、狼狈或很糟的状态。💡 常见模式是 be in a state 或 be an absolute state，通常需要冠词。这个用法偏口语，不能机械地把任何 state 都译成“糟糕”；是否有负面含义要看修饰语和上下文。colloquial singularAfter working all night, I was an absolute state.熬了一整夜后，我整个人狼狈不堪。
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rare 状态；处境📖 这是“状态、处境”的过时用法，与现代普通义相同，主要在古旧文本中出现。💡 只需在历史或文学文本中按上下文理解为“状态、处境”。现代写作中应使用普通的 state 搭配，不必专门模仿这种旧用法。obsolete
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common 社会地位；身份📖 指一个人在社会中的地位、身份或生活排场，也就是他在社会中“站在什么位置”。💡 常见模式是 social state、in state 或 state and wealth 等搭配。该义偏正式或文学，现代英语中谈个人社会地位时 status 往往更直接；不要把它和“状态”义混为一谈。She was admired for her kindness, not her state.人们欣赏她的是善良，而不是她的社会地位。
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rare 身份；地位📖 这是“社会地位、身份”的过时用法，主要用于古典或历史文本。💡 通常只在旧式表达或历史语境中出现。现代英语一般使用 status、rank 或 position 来清楚表达相关意思。obsolete
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core 国家；政治共同体📖 指由政府、法律和领土组织起来的政治共同体，即国家，也可以泛指一个有独立政治结构的共同体。💡 常见模式是 the state、the power of the state 或 state authority。历史、政治和法律语境中常大写或带定冠词；这里不是个人的“状态”，而是共同体的制度性位置。The state must protect the rights of its citizens.国家必须保护公民的权利。He refused to act against his conscience for the sake of the state.他拒绝为了国家而违背自己的良心。
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core 州；地方政治实体📖 在联邦制国家，尤其是美国，state 指组成联邦的州；它有自己的政府和一定的立法权。💡 常见模式是 a state、the states、state government 或某州名称。专指美国的州时通常译为“州”，不要在看到 the state 时不加判断地译成“国家”，要看它是否与联邦政府相对。Each state sets its own rules for public schools.每个州都会为公立学校制定自己的规定。
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rare 国家；政治实体📖 这是把 state 用作政治实体的过时或历史性表达，与“国家、政体”的核心义相连。💡 主要在古典政治论述或旧文学中出现。现代语境中通常根据具体含义使用 state、country、nation 或 government，而不必照搬旧式表达。obsolete
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rare 随机过程的状态📖 在随机过程数学中，state 是系统在某一时刻可能处于的一个状态或取值，用来描述系统“站在哪个位置”。💡 常见模式是 state space、state of a process 或 transition between states。它是技术术语，通常与 probability、process、transition 等词连用，不要按日常的“国家”理解。
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rare 静态状态体📖 在语言学中，state 指一种不随时间发生变化的情状类型，例如“知道”或“拥有”所表达的持续状态。💡 常见模式是 state verb、stative state 或 state predicate。它是语言学术语，不是说句子中的主语处于某种普通情绪状态；与表示动作或事件变化的类型相对。
states
plural
noun
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core 国家；州；政治实体📖 指一个现实中正在运作的国家、州、城市国家或其他政治共同体，重点是它作为治理机构和公共权力实体的存在。💡 常见模式是 a sovereign state、the modern state 或 state institutions。它可指国家整体，也可指联邦成员州；不要自动把它理解成某一届政府，除非上下文明确谈的是执政机构。A modern state needs clear laws and effective institutions.现代国家需要明确的法律和有效的制度。
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common 本国；本州📖 带定冠词时，the state 有时特指说话人所生活或所属的那个国家、州或政治共同体。💡 常见模式是 live under the state 或 serve the state，但具体所指高度依赖上下文。这个用法常见于政治、法律或正式讨论中，不要把 the state 在所有句子里都固定译成“本国”；也可能是“本州”或“国家机器”。often with-definite-articleMany people expect the state to provide basic healthcare.许多人希望国家提供基本医疗服务。
States
plural
verb
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core 陈述为事实📖 指明确地说某件事是事实，常用于报告、声明或正式表达中，带有把信息清楚摆出来的感觉。💡 常见模式是 state that + 从句、state a fact 或 state one’s position。它通常不接表示“说话对象”的人作直接宾语；若要表达“告诉某人”，应使用 tell 或 state something to someone。transitiveThe report states that the bridge is unsafe.报告称这座桥不安全。She clearly stated her reasons for leaving.她清楚地说明了自己离开的原因。
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common 说明；表明📖 指把意图、要求、立场或信息公开说清楚，让别人知道自己要表达的内容。💡 常见模式是 state one’s intentions、state a preference 或 state what + 从句。语气通常比 say 正式、明确；中文母语者容易把它当成“陈述句”的固定对应词，但实际使用中它也可表示公开表明态度或要求。transitivePlease state your name and purpose clearly.请清楚地说明你的姓名和来意。
states
present,singular,third-person
stating
participle,present
stated
participle,past
stated
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 11 组
the way something is with respect to its main attributes; ;
同义词集:
state
the current state of knowledge
his state of health
in a weak financial state
上位: attribute
下位: action, activeness, activity, agency, annulment, antagonism, being, beingness, cleavage, condition, conflict, damnation, dead letter, death, degree, delegacy, dependance, dependence, dependency, destruction, disorder, employ, employment, end, enlargement, enmity, eternal damnation, existence, face of the earth, feeling, flawlessness, flux, freedom, grace, hostility, illumination, immatureness, immaturity, imperfection, imperfectness, inaction, inactiveness, inactivity, integrity, level, lifelessness, matureness, maturity, medium, motion, motionlessness, natural state, ne plus ultra, non-issue, obligation, office, order, ornamentation, ownership, paternity, perfection, plurality, point, position, power, preparation, preparedness, readiness, receivership, relationship, representation, revocation, saving grace, separation, situation, stage, state of affairs, state of flux, state of grace, state of nature, status, stillness, technicality, unemployment, unification, union, unity, utopia, wholeness, wild
put before
同义词集:
submit
state
put forward
posit
I submit to you that the accused is guilty
上位: advise, propose, suggest
express in words; ; ;
同义词集:
state
say
tell
He said that he wanted to marry her
tell me what is bothering you
state your opinion
state your name
上位: express, give tongue to, utter, verbalise, verbalize
下位: add, announce, answer, append, articulate, declare, enunciate, explain, give, introduce, lay out, mention, note, observe, precede, preface, premise, present, remark, reply, represent, respond, sum, sum up, summarise, summarize, supply, vocalise, vocalize
indicate through a symbol, formula, etc.
同义词集:
express
state
Can you express this distance in kilometers?
上位: denote, refer
下位: vote
the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies
同义词集:
department of state
united states department of state
state department
state
dos
the Department of State was created in 1789
a politically organized body of people under a single government; ; ; ;
同义词集:
state
nation
country
land
commonwealth
res publica
body politic
the state has elected a new president
African nations
students who had come to the nation's capitol
the country's largest manufacturer
an industrialized land
下位: ally, dominion, great power, major power, power, reich, superpower, world power
the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state
同义词集:
state
the state has lowered its income tax
上位: authorities, government, regime
the territory occupied by a nation;
同义词集:
country
state
land
he returned to the land of his birth
he visited several European countries
下位: country of origin, fatherland, homeland, kingdom, mother country, motherland, native land
the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation
同义词集:
state
province
his state is in the deep south
下位: commonwealth
a state of depression or agitation
同义词集:
state
he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
上位: emotional state, spirit
(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container)
同义词集:
state of matter
state
the solid state of water is called ice
下位: form, gas, gaseous state, liquid, liquid state, liquidity, liquidness, phase, plasma, solid, solid state, solidness
🌳 词源
源自表示“站立”的词根，原本与站立的姿态、位置和身份有关，后来发展出“状态、地位、国家”等意思。
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂-tu-s ~ *sth₂-téw-s
Proto-Italic *status
Latin statuslbor.
Old French estatbor.
Middle English stat
English state
From Middle English stat (as a noun); adopted c. 1200 from both Old French estat and Latin stātus (“manner of standing, attitude, position, carriage, manner, dress, apparel; and other senses”), from stāre (“to stand”). Doublet of estate and status. The sense of "polity" develops in the 14th century. Compare French être, Greek στέω (stéo), Italian stare, Portuguese estar, Romanian sta, and Spanish estar. The verb is first attested around the beginning of the 16th century. Related to English stand. Displaced native Old English hād (“state, condition”).
🔄 变式
more state
compar
most state
superl
stated
past
States
plural
stating
present
🏷 单词标签 & 词根