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stand
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /stˈænd/
🇬🇧 /ˈstænd/
stand 的核心概念是“站立、处于某个位置”。作动词可表示站着、放置或处于某种状态,也可引申为坚持某种立场;作名词可表示站立、立场、支架或小摊等。
💡 记忆钩子
把 stand 想成“稳稳站住”:身体站住是“站立”,物品站住需要“支架”,人在观点或压力面前站住就是“坚持立场”,固定站住的地方则可指“摊位或站点”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握动词“站立、处于某处”和名词“立场、支架”这几类高频义项,再学习“摊位、看台”等具体名词义。
- 不要只把 stand 理解为“站”;它常表示“处于某种状态”或“坚持某种立场”。
- 名词的具体含义常需结合搭配和语境判断,例如表示支撑物、摊位、站点或立场时意思不同。
📖 中文释义
noun
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common 站立📖 指站立这一动作或状态,也就是让身体稳稳地处于直立位置。💡 常见搭配是 take one’s stand、rise to one’s stand 或 remain at a stand,具体结构取决于语境。这个义项较书面,日常英语通常直接说 standing;不要把它和表示“立场”的 take a stand 混为一谈。After hours of walking, we stopped and took a stand under a shady tree.走了几个小时后,我们停下来站在一棵树荫下。
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common 防守阵地📖 指为了抵抗攻击或压力而守住的阵地或防守行动,重点是“站住不退”。💡 常见结构是 make one’s stand、hold one’s stand 或 make a last stand。它多用于战争、竞争或比喻性的冲突语境;表示一般观点时,通常用 take a stand,而不是这个义项。The volunteers made their stand at the narrow bridge.志愿者们在那座狭窄的桥上摆开了防守阵势。
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core 坚定立场📖 指面对反对或压力时坚持不变的观点、态度或行动;人是在观点或原则上“稳稳站住”。💡 常见搭配是 take a firm stand against、take a stand for 和 make one’s position clear。它通常表示公开而坚定的立场,后面常接 against、for 或 on;不要误解为单纯的身体站立。The school took a firm stand against bullying.这所学校坚定反对欺凌行为。She took a stand for equal pay.她站出来支持同工同酬。
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common 一地演出或比赛期📖 指演员、乐队或运动队在同一地点连续进行的一段演出或比赛。它强调“在一个地方站住一阵子”。💡 常见搭配是 a two-week stand、a home stand 和 a one-night stand。体育语境中指连续主场比赛,演出语境中指在某个场地的演出期;不要把它自动理解成“单独站立”。The band is doing a three-night stand at the city theater.这支乐队将在市剧院连续演出三个晚上。
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core 支架📖 指用来把物品稳稳托住、支撑起来的架子或底座;物品需要借助它“站住”。💡 常见结构是 a stand for something,以及 put、place 或 set something on a stand。前面常用名词说明用途,如 umbrella stand、music stand;不要把 stand for 误读成动词短语“代表”,那是另一个用法。I put the vase on a small wooden stand.我把花瓶放在一个小木架上。Please leave your umbrella in the stand by the door.请把雨伞放在门边的伞架里。
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common 证人席📖 指法庭上证人站着或坐着接受提问的平台或席位。💡 最常见的搭配是 take the stand、be on the stand 和 from the witness stand。这个义项主要用于法庭语境,通常说 the stand 或 the witness stand;不要把 take the stand 当作一般的“站起来”。The witness took the stand and answered each question carefully.证人走上证人席,认真回答了每个问题。
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rare 交易所高台📖 指旧时证券交易所内供报价或传递交易信息的 raised seating,属于历史用法。historical
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common 成片树木📖 指一片集中生长的树木或灌木,通常把它看作一个整体来描述。💡 常见搭配是 a stand of trees、a stand of pines 或 a dense stand of shrubs。这个义项多见于林业、自然观察和土地管理语境;不要把 stand of trees 理解成“树木的支架”。A stand of birch trees grows beside the lake.湖边长着一片白桦树。
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rare 林业群落单元📖 指林业中在树龄、树种、结构和生长地条件上较为一致、可以单独识别的一片林分。
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rare 停滞状态📖 指因困惑、犹豫或发现猎物而暂时不动、无法继续行动的状态。
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common 小摊或亭台📖 指较小的建筑、售卖亭或供表演使用的台子;它们像固定站住的小场所。💡 常见搭配是 food stand、hot-dog stand、bandstand 和 ticket stand。通常需要由前面的名词说明用途;在商业语境中多指临时或小型摊点,不一定是完整商店。We bought fresh lemonade from a stand near the beach.我们在海滩附近的一个小摊买了新鲜柠檬水。
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common 停靠点📖 指指定供人或车辆站立、等候或停放的位置。💡 常见搭配是 taxi stand、bus stand 和 a designated stand。它通常指固定的地点,而不是支撑物;表示“站点”时,前面的交通工具或服务名称很重要。There was a long line at the taxi stand.出租车站点排起了长队。
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rare 经营地点📖 旧式美国英语中,指商店、旅馆等经营业务所在的地点或位置,尤其用于评价其是否适合做生意。US dated
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rare 路边旅店📖 美国英语的历史性省略说法,指路边的小旅店或客栈。US abbreviation alt-of ellipsis historical
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common 看台📖 在体育场馆中指供观众观看比赛的看台,常常指整片看台区域。💡 常见搭配是 in the stands、the home stands 和 fill the stands。这个义项通常用复数 stands,尤其是在体育报道和观众语境中;不要和表示“摊位”的 stand 混淆。Fans in the stands cheered when the home team scored.主队得分时,看台上的球迷欢呼起来。
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rare 板球搭档得分📖 板球术语,指两名击球员作为搭档共同取得的得分或共同维持的击球合作。
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rare 一套武器📖 旧式军事用语中,指一件完整的武器装备,常用于统计枪械等武器的数量。
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rare 地位或职位📖 过时用法,指一个人的社会地位、职位或身份等级。obsolete
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rare 困惑窘迫📖 过时用法,指因不知道该怎么办而陷入困惑或尴尬的状态。dated
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rare 留种树📖 林业或园艺用语,指砍伐其他树木时保留下来的幼树,也可指由自己的根系长成而非嫁接形成的树。
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rare 站立位置📖 指供某人站立的位置,尤其是为了获得更好的视野或有利位置而指定的地点。
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rare 整幅广告📖 广告行业旧用语,指用多张纸覆盖整块广告牌的一幅完整广告。
stands
plural
noun
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rare 直立容器📖 苏格兰及旧式美国英语中,指能直立放置的容器,例如装液体的木桶。Scotland US dated
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rare 沥青重量单位📖 过时的重量单位,用于称量沥青,约为二百五十至三百磅。obsolete
stands
plural
verb
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core 站着;处在某处📖 指人或物以直立的状态存在,或处在某个明确的位置;这就是“稳稳站住”最直接的用法。💡 常用结构是“主语 + stand + 地点”或“主语 + stand + 形容词/介词短语”,表示站在那里或处于某种位置。它通常是不及物动词,不能直接把地点当作宾语;要表达“把某物竖起来放好”,用及物结构。copulative intransitiveI stood by the window and watched the rain.我站在窗边看雨。The old tree still stands behind the house.那棵老树仍然立在房子后面。
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common 站起来📖 强调从坐着、躺着或蹲着的状态变成站立状态,也就是“站住”这个动作的开始。💡 常用结构是“stand up”或“stand + 地点”,祈使句中可直接说“Stand up”。不要把 stand up 和表示“支持某人”的短语混为一谈;后者需要不同的上下文。intransitiveEveryone stood up when the teacher entered the room.老师走进房间时,大家都站了起来。
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common 把某物竖着放📖 指让物品以直立状态停在某处,好像让它自己“站住”一样。💡 常用结构是“stand + 宾语 + 地点”,例如把扫帚、书或伞竖放在某处;这是及物用法。过去式用 stood,不能在这里把宾语直接放在地点前而省略介词。transitiveShe stood the umbrella in the corner to let it dry.她把雨伞竖在角落里晾干。
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rare📖 这是古旧或诗歌式用法,和眼泪等液体停留、凝聚在某处有关,现代日常英语中几乎不用。💡 多见于古英语或文学性表达,学习者在普通写作和口语中不应主动使用。intransitive usually
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core 有望;很可能📖 表示某人或某事处在一种很有可能获得某种结果的位置上,也就是在机会面前“站得住、占得上风”。💡 常用结构是“stand to do something”,表示很可能或有望做某事;也可说“stand to gain/lose something”。它通常用于预测利益、损失或结果,不是表示正在站着做后面的动作。intransitive with-infinitive with-toIf sales keep growing, the company stands to make a large profit.如果销量继续增长,这家公司很可能会获得丰厚利润。You stand to lose more than you can afford.你可能会损失超出承受能力的钱。
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common 忍受;容忍📖 表示在令人讨厌、痛苦或烦恼的事情面前还能不能“站住”,通常就是“忍受得了或忍受不了”。💡 常用结构是“stand + 名词/代词/动名词”或“can't stand + 从句”,例如表示不能忍受噪音或等待。stand 后通常不接不定式来表达这个意思;否定形式 can't stand 很常见。transitiveI can't stand waiting in long lines.我受不了排很长的队。
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common 成败取决于;坚持📖 表示某人的判断、立场或结果经得起考验,或者成败取决于某件事;“站住”与否决定了最后结果。💡 常见结构是“stand or fall by/on something”,表示成败取决于某事;“stand or fall”也可单独表示成败与共。这个用法较正式,常用于观点、原则、计划或作品。copulative intransitiveThe plan will stand or fall on whether the team can meet the deadline.这个计划能否成功,取决于团队能不能按时完成。
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rare📖 这是过时的书面用法,表示某事物仅仅存在于或局限于某种形式之中,现代英语基本不用。💡 仅在历史文本或仿古文体中可能见到,现代表达应改用更明确的普通动词。copulative intransitive obsolete
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common 在比赛中处于某位置📖 在体育或比赛语境中,表示选手或队伍处在某种竞争位置、状态或排名上,也可指在比赛中站稳阵脚。💡 通常要结合比赛背景和位置、排名等补充语句理解,不能单凭 stand 判断具体项目含义。体育报道中可用,但日常非体育语境不要随意套用。intransitiveAfter three wins, the team stands near the top of the league.连胜三场后,这支队伍位居联赛前列。
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common 经受住考验📖 表示某人或某物在时间、压力或困难面前没有倒下,能够“站住”并保持有效。💡 最常见结构是“stand the test of time”,表示经受住时间的考验;也可说“stand the pressure”或“stand scrutiny”。宾语通常是考验、压力、检查等,不是普通地点。transitiveThis simple design has stood the test of time.这个简洁的设计经受住了时间的考验。
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common 参加竞选📖 表示正式作为候选人参加选举,主动站出来争取某个公职或职位。💡 常用结构是“stand for election”或“stand for + 职位”,英国英语尤其常见;美国英语更常用 run for。不要把这里的 for 理解成“代表”,它表示参选的目标。British intransitiveShe is standing for election to the city council.她正在竞选市议会议员。
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rare 驶向;航向📖 在航海语境中,表示船只或船长把航向转向某个方向或目的地。💡 常见结构是“stand for + 地点”或“stand in a direction”,属于航海用语;日常谈论乘船时通常改用 sail toward 或 head for。intransitive
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common 保持不倒;经受住📖 表示建筑、制度、想法或人的状态没有因时间和压力而崩溃,仍然稳稳存在。💡 常用结构是“stand firm/strong”或“stand despite/in the face of something”,表示在困难中保持不变。它强调持续存在或没有垮掉,不要和单纯的“站起来”混淆。copulative intransitiveDespite the storm, the small bridge stood firm.尽管暴风雨来袭,那座小桥仍然屹立不倒。
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rare 停牌;不再要牌📖 在纸牌游戏中,表示玩家保留当前手牌,不再要求发下一张牌。💡 这是牌类游戏术语,通常在说明游戏规则或牌局过程中使用;脱离牌类语境时,听者一般不会理解这个意思。
stands
present,singular,third-person
standing
participle,present
stood
past
stood
participle,past
standen
obsolete,participle,past
stand
nonstandard,participle,past
stand
first-person,present,singular
stood
first-person,past,singular
stand
present,second-person,singular
standest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
stood
past,second-person,singular
stoodst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
stoodest
archaic,past,second-person,singular
standeth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
stood
past,singular,third-person
stand
plural,present
stood
past,plural
stand
present,subjunctive
stood
past,subjunctive
stand
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
stand
dialectal,participle,past
stooden
dialectal,participle,past
standen
archaic,participle,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 24 组
put up with something or somebody unpleasant; ; ;
同义词集:
digest
endure
stick out
stomach
bear
stand
tolerate
support
brook
abide
suffer
put up
I cannot bear his constant criticism
The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
he learned to tolerate the heat
She stuck out two years in a miserable marriage
上位: allow, countenance, let, permit
下位: accept, live with, pay, swallow
have or maintain a position or stand on an issue
同义词集:
stand
Where do you stand on the War?
上位: evaluate, judge, pass judgment
下位: align, array
a defensive effort
同义词集:
stand
the army made a final stand at the Rhone
上位: defence, defense, defensive measure
下位: repulsion, standoff
a stop made by a touring musical or theatrical group to give a performance
同义词集:
stand
a one-night stand
上位: layover, stop, stopover
withstand the force of something; ;
同义词集:
resist
stand
fend
The trees resisted her
stand the test of time
The mountain climbers had to fend against the ice and snow
上位: defend, fight, fight back, fight down, oppose
be available for stud services
同义词集:
stand
male domestic animals such as stallions serve selected females
上位: serve, service
be standing; be upright
同义词集:
stand
stand up
We had to stand for the entire performance!
反义: lie, sit, sit down
上位: rest
下位: line up, queue, queue up, ramp
参见: arise, get up, rise, stand up, uprise
put into an upright position
同义词集:
stand
stand up
place upright
Can you stand the bookshelf up?
上位: lay, place, pose, position, put, set
be in some specified state or condition
同义词集:
stand
I stand corrected
上位: be
参见: adhere, correspond, excel, hold out, jump, jump out, leap out, represent, resist, stand by, stand firm, stand for, stand out, stick, stick by, stick out, surpass, withstand
hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright
同义词集:
stand
remain firm
I am standing my ground and won't give in!
反义: relent, soften, yield
上位: hold out, resist, stand firm, withstand
be tall; have a height of; copula
同义词集:
stand
She stands 6 feet tall
上位: measure
be in effect; be or remain in force
同义词集:
stand
The law stands!
上位: continue
下位: wash
remain inactive or immobile
同义词集:
stand
standing water
上位: remain, rest, stay
occupy a place or location, also metaphorically
同义词集:
stand
We stand on common ground
上位: be
a platform where a (brass) band can play in the open air
同义词集:
bandstand
outdoor stage
stand
上位: platform
a support or foundation
同义词集:
base
pedestal
stand
the base of the lamp
上位: support
a support for displaying various articles
同义词集:
rack
stand
the newspapers were arranged on a rack
上位: support
下位: tripod
a booth where articles are displayed for sale
同义词集:
stall
stand
sales booth
上位: booth
tiered seats consisting of a structure (often made of wood) where people can sit to watch an event (game or parade)
同义词集:
stand
下位: covered stand, grandstand
a small table for holding articles of various kinds
同义词集:
stand
a bedside stand
上位: table
a mental position from which things are viewed;
同义词集:
point of view
viewpoint
stand
standpoint
we should consider this problem from the viewpoint of the Russians
teaching history gave him a special point of view toward current events
上位: position, posture, stance
下位: angle, complexion, landscape, slant
an interruption of normal activity
同义词集:
stand
standstill
tie-up
上位: halt, stop
a growth of similar plants (usually trees) in a particular area
同义词集:
stand
they cut down a stand of trees
上位: botany, flora, vegetation
the position where a thing or person stands
同义词集:
stand
上位: place, position
🌳 词源
源自古英语 standan,最终与原始印欧语中表示“站立”的词根有关;动词和名词的基本义都围绕“站立、占据位置”。
From Middle English stonden, standen (verb) and stand, stond (noun, from the verb), from Old English standan (“to stand, occupy a place”), from Proto-West Germanic *standan, from Proto-Germanic *standaną (“to stand”), from Pre-Germanic *sth₂-n-t-´, an innovative extended n-infixed form of Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots staund (“to stand”), Yola sthoan, sthoane, sthone, stoane (“to stand”), North Frisian staan, stoune, stuine, stun, stönje, stööne (“to stand”), Saterland Frisian stounde (“to stand”), Danish stande (“to stand”), Faroese and Icelandic standa (“to stand”), Norwegian Nynorsk standa, stå (“to stand”), Swedish stånda (“to stand”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (standan, “to stand”). From the related Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”): West Frisian stean (“to stand”), Alemannic German staa (“to stand”), Central Franconian stiehn, stohn, stonn (“to stand”), Cimbrian stean (“to stand”), Dutch staan (“to stand”), German stehen (“to stand”), Low German stahn, staon (“to stand”), Luxembourgish stoen (“to stand”), Vilamovian śtejn (“to stand”), Yiddish שטיין (shteyn, “to stand”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish stå (“to stand”), Faroese stá (“to stand”). Also from *steh₂-: Breton and Cornish sevel (“to stand”), Welsh sefyll (“to stand”), Latin stō (“to stand”), Greek σταυρός (stavrós, “cross”), Albanian shtyllë (“pillar; column”), Latvian stāvēt (“to stand”), Lithuanian stóti, stovėti (“to stand”), Belarusian стая́ць (stajácʹ, “to stand”), Bulgarian стоя́ (stojá, “to stand, stay”), Czech stát (“to stand”), Macedonian стои (stoi, “to stand”), Polish stać, stojeć (“to stand”), Russian стоя́ть (stojátʹ, “to stand”), Serbo-Croatian ста̏јати, stȁjati (“to stand”), Slovak stáť (“to stand”), Slovene státi (“to stand”), Ukrainian стоя́ти (stojáty, “to stand”), Armenian ստվար (stvar, “large, thick; dense”), Ossetian стын (styn, “to stand up”), Northern Kurdish rawestîn (“to stand”), Persian ایستادن (istâdan), وایسادن (vâysâdan), وایستادن (vâystâdan, “to stand up”), Tocharian A ṣtäm- (“to stand”), Tocharian B stäm- (“to stand”), Sanskrit स्था (sthā, “to stand”).
🔄 变式
-
imperat
standen
archaic
standest
archaic
standeth
archaic
standing
present
stands
plural
stood
1st_sg
stooden
dialect
stoodest
archaic
stoodst
archaic
🏷 单词标签 & 词根