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spy
★★
🇺🇸 /spˈaɪ/
spy 的核心概念是“暗中观察并获取信息”;作名词指间谍,作动词主要指从事秘密侦察,也可表示突然看见。
💡 记忆钩子
把 spy 想成一个藏在角落里偷偷看的人:这个人是“间谍”,他在做的是“秘密侦察”;由“看见”这个核心动作,还可以引申为突然发现某人或某物,以及仔细搜寻、暗中查看。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“间谍”和“秘密侦察”这条主线,再记“突然看见”等较少见的动词义。不要把 spy 只理解成普通的“看”或“观察”,它通常带有隐蔽、搜集信息或意外发现的色彩。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 间谍📖 指暗中监视个人、组织或国家并搜集情报的人,通常是为了让自己一方获得优势。💡 常用“a spy for + 组织”或“an enemy spy”表示所属或身份,也可说“work as a spy”。这个词常带有秘密行动和政治、军事背景;不要把所有偷偷观察别人的人都直接称为 spy。The spy passed the documents to a foreign agent.那名间谍把文件交给了一名外国特工。They suspected that one of the guards was a spy.他们怀疑其中一名警卫是间谍。
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rare 盯防跑动进攻球员的防守队员📖 在美式橄榄球中,指专门盯防对方后场进攻球员、准备应对其跑动的防守队员。💡 通常出现在关于美式橄榄球战术的说明中,常与防守位置和盯人战术一起使用。日常英语中不要把普通体育比赛的防守队员都叫作 spy。
spies
plural
verb
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core 从事秘密侦察📖 指像间谍一样暗中观察别人或组织,搜集能够帮助自己一方的信息。💡 最常见结构是“spy on + 人或组织”,也可说“spy for + 组织”表示为某方当间谍。这个动词通常暗示秘密进行,不要把它和普通的“watch”或“observe”完全混用。intransitiveThe two countries accused each other of spying on their officials.两国互相指责对方暗中监视本国官员。She was arrested for spying for a foreign government.她因替外国政府从事间谍活动而被捕。
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common 突然看见📖 指在视线中意外发现某人或某物,像偷偷观察的人忽然注意到目标一样。💡 常用“spy + 名词”或“spy + 名词 + doing”,表示突然发现目标;这种用法比“see”更强调目标进入视线时的意外感。它有时带文学或叙事色彩,正式说明中通常可换成“see”或“spot”。transitiveI spied a small café at the end of the street.我突然看见街尾有一家小咖啡馆。
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rare 仔细搜查或挑剔查看📖 指把注意力集中在细节上,暗中或过分仔细地查找问题,和“偷偷观察”的核心意思相连。💡 常见于较旧的文学表达,现代日常英语中通常用“scrutinize”“search”或“look closely”。不要把它当作最普通的“看”来使用。intransitive
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rare 暗中探索或查看📖 指秘密地探索、查看某个地方或事物,重点仍是隐藏身份进行观察。💡 这一义项多见于历史或文学语境,现代英语中通常改用“explore”“inspect”或“look around”。如果只是说参观或查看,应优先使用这些更自然的词。transitive
spies
present,singular,third-person
spying
participle,present
spied
participle,past
spied
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 6 组
secretly collect sensitive or classified information; engage in espionage
同义词集:
spy
spy for the Russians
上位: enquire, inquire, investigate
watch, observe, or inquire secretly
同义词集:
spy
stag
snoop
sleuth
上位: monitor, supervise
catch sight of
同义词集:
descry
spot
espy
spy
上位: sight
catch sight of; to perceive with the eyes
同义词集:
spy
sight
he caught sight of the king's men coming over the ridge
上位: comprehend, perceive
下位: descry, detect, discover, espy, find, notice, observe, spot
(military) a secret agent hired by a state to obtain information about its enemies or by a business to obtain industrial secrets from competitors
同义词集:
spy
undercover agent
上位: intelligence agent, intelligence officer, operative, secret agent
下位: counterspy, mole, sleeper
a secret watcher; someone who secretly watches other people
同义词集:
spy
my spies tell me that you had a good time last night
上位: looker, spectator, viewer, watcher, witness
下位: shadow, shadower, snoop, snooper, tail
🌳 词源
源自中古英语,最终与表示“看、注视”的原始日耳曼语和印欧语词根有关;因此名词和动词都围绕“观察”发展。
From Middle English spien, aphetic variant of earlier espien (“to espy”), from Old French espier (“to spy”), from Frankish *spehōn (“to spy”), from Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to see, look”), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”). Akin to German spähen (“to spy”), Dutch spieden (“to spy”).
The noun displaced native Old English sċēawere (literally “watcher”), which was also the word for "mirror." In this sense, the verb displaced Old English sċēawian, which was also the word for "to watch" and became the Modern English word show.
Distant cognate vie PIE with Latin speculātor, Ancient Greek κατάσκοπος (katáskopos).
Compare typologically Russian согляда́тай (sogljadátaj) (akin to гляде́ть (gljadétʹ)).
🔄 变式
spied
past
spies
plural
spying
present
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