sprain

sprain 指关节、韧带或肌肉因突然用力过猛而扭伤；作名词时也指这种扭伤或扭伤造成的疼痛、行动不便。

💡 记忆钩子

把关节想成被猛地拧了一下：这个“拧伤”的动作就是 sprain，拧伤后的伤处或伤情也叫 sprain。

📝 学习建议

先掌握作名词的“扭伤”和作动词的“扭伤某个部位”这两个核心用法；它不是泛指所有疼痛或骨折。
注意它通常表示软组织受到拉伤或扭伤，但不表示关节脱臼。

📖 中文释义

noun

core 扭伤；扭伤造成的伤情

📖 指关节、韧带或肌肉被突然过度拉伸、拧伤后形成的伤情，常伴有疼痛和活动不便。

💡 常用结构是 “a sprain of + 身体部位”，也可以说 “a bad/severe sprain”。它通常指一次具体的扭伤，因此前面常有 a、my、her 等限定词；不要用它表示骨折或脱臼。

The doctor said I had a sprain of my wrist.

医生说我的手腕扭伤了。

She stayed home because of a bad ankle sprain.

她因为脚踝严重扭伤而待在家里。

sprains plural

verb

core 扭伤

📖 指突然用力过猛或姿势不当，使关节、韧带或肌肉被拉伤、拧伤，但通常没有脱臼。

💡 常用结构是 “sprain + 身体部位”或 “sprain one's + 身体部位”。它是及物动词，不能只说某人“sprained”而不说明扭伤了什么；过去式和过去分词都写作 sprained。

I sprained my ankle while playing basketball.

我打篮球时扭伤了脚踝。

He sprained his knee after falling off his bicycle.

他从自行车上摔下来后扭伤了膝盖。

sprains present,singular,third-person spraining participle,present sprained participle,past sprained past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 2 组

twist suddenly so as to sprain; ; ;

同义词集: twist sprain wrench turn wrick rick

wrench one's ankle

The wrestler twisted his shoulder

the hikers sprained their ankles when they fell

I turned my ankle and couldn't walk for several days

上位: injure, wound

a painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments

同义词集: sprain

上位: pull, twist, wrench

🌳 词源

可能来自中古法语，最终与拉丁语中表示“挤出、拧出”的词有关；也可能与 express 同源。

Origin unknown. Noun attested since 1601; verb attested 1622. Possibly borrowed from Middle French espraindre (“to squeeze or press out”), from Latin exprimere (“to squeeze out, express”), in which case cognate to express.

🔄 变式

sprained past spraining present sprains plural

🏷 单词标签 & 词根