sneeze

sneeze 主要表示“打喷嚏”，既可作名词指一次喷嚏，也可作动词指因鼻腔受到刺激而突然呼气。

💡 记忆钩子

把鼻子想成一个突然启动的排气阀：受到灰尘、花粉等刺激时，空气会猛地冲出去，这个动作是“打喷嚏”，一次这样的动作就是一个“喷嚏”；如果只是模仿或夸张地发出类似动作，也可以表示“像打喷嚏一样喷出”。

📝 学习建议

先掌握“打喷嚏”这一核心意思，再记名词用法；sneeze 本身不一定表示生病，也可能只是对灰尘或花粉的反应。
注意它既能作不及物动词，也能作名词；不要因为中文里常说“打喷嚏”就把 sneeze 误当成只能作动词。

📖 中文释义

noun

core 喷嚏

📖 指一次鼻子受到刺激后突然排出空气的动作或声音，也就是“一个喷嚏”。

💡 常见搭配是“have a sneeze”或“a sneeze”，表示打一个喷嚏或发出一个喷嚏声。它通常是可数名词，单数前一般需要 a；不要直接用 sneeze 表示“打喷嚏”这一整类动作。

I heard a sneeze from the next room.

我听见隔壁房间传来一个喷嚏声。

sneezes plural

verb

core 打喷嚏

📖 指鼻子受到灰尘、花粉、感冒等刺激后，身体反射性地把空气猛地排出去。

💡 最常用的是不及物结构“sneeze”，例如“sneeze repeatedly”；也常说“sneeze into + 物品”，表示对着某物打喷嚏。不要把它当作及物动词直接说 sneeze something 来表示普通的“打喷嚏”。

intransitive

She started sneezing when the flowers opened.

花一开，她就开始打喷嚏。

Please sneeze into a tissue.

请对着纸巾打喷嚏。
common 像打喷嚏一样喷出

📖 不一定是真正的生理性喷嚏，而是形容某人或某物做出突然、猛烈、类似打喷嚏的喷气动作。

💡 常见于“sneeze as if …”或“sneeze like …”这类比喻结构，用来说明动作像打喷嚏一样突然。这个用法比表示真实喷嚏更依赖上下文，日常对话中不要在没有明显比喻关系时随意使用。

intransitive

The old engine sneezed and then stopped.

那台旧发动机像打喷嚏似的响了一下，随后停了下来。
rare 喷出或弄出

📖 指借助类似打喷嚏的猛烈排气，把空气、鼻涕或其他东西从鼻子或嘴里喷出去。

💡 通常使用“sneeze + 物品 + out”或“sneeze out + 物品”的结构，宾语是被喷出的东西。这个及物用法较少见，常带有生动或幽默色彩；普通情况下应使用不及物的 sneeze。

transitive

sneezes present,singular,third-person sneezing participle,present sneezed past snoze humorous,obsolete,past sneezed participle,past snoze humorous,obsolete,participle,past snozen humorous,obsolete,participle,past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 2 组

exhale spasmodically, as when an irritant entered one's nose

同义词集: sneeze

Pepper makes me sneeze

a symptom consisting of the involuntary expulsion of air from the nose

同义词集: sneeze sneezing sternutation

上位: inborn reflex, innate reflex, instinctive reflex, physiological reaction, reflex, reflex action, reflex response, symptom, unconditioned reflex

🌳 词源

源自中古英语 snesen，最终与表示“呼吸、喘气、喷嚏”的原始印欧语词根有关。

From Middle English snesen (“to sneeze”), alteration of earlier fnesen (“to sneeze”), from Old English fnēosan (“to sneeze, snort”), from Proto-West Germanic *fneusan, from Proto-Germanic *fneusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe, pant, snort, sneeze”). Cognate with dialectal Dutch fniezen (“to sneeze”), Old Norse fnýsa (“to snort”). Compare neeze, from Middle English nesen, from Old English *hnēosan (“to sneeze”), cognate with Old High German niosan (“to sneeze”), Old Norse hnjósa (“to sneeze”). See neeze. It has been suggested that the change could be due to a misinterpretation of the uncommon initial sequence fn- as ſn- (sn- written with a long s), although the change is regular, seen also in snore and snort from Middle English fnoren and fnorten, and in late Middle English snatted from earlier Middle English fnatted (“snub-nosed”). The fn- forms of all these words fell out of use in the 1400s. Due to this rather universal adoption of the fn- > sn- shift within English by such a time frame, the idea of it being a simple sound shift has been suggested as well, with the specifically being a type of assimilation as the bilabial f- becomes alveolar s- to match the place of articulation of the following n-.

🔄 变式

sneezed past sneezes plural sneezing present snoze obsolete snozen obsolete

🏷 单词标签 & 词根