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smell
★★★
🇺🇸 /smˈɛl/
🇬🇧 /smɛl/
smell 的核心概念是“闻到或散发出的气味”,也可引申为凭直觉察觉不对劲;它既可作名词,也可作动词。
💡 记忆钩子
想象空气里飘来一缕气味:鼻子先“闻到”它,这就是 smell;这缕气味本身也是 a smell。若气味让你觉得事情不对,就会说事情“闻起来有问题”,于是 smell 又引申为察觉可疑之处。
📝 学习建议
- 不要把 smell 只理解成“难闻的气味”;它可以是香味、臭味,也可以只是中性的气味。
- 先掌握“闻到气味”和“有某种气味”这两条主线,再学习表示怀疑或不对劲的比喻用法。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 气味📖 smell 可以指空气中被鼻子察觉到的气味,不论这种气味好闻、难闻还是没有明显褒贬。💡 常用结构是“a smell of + 来源”或“the smell of + 来源”,也可以说“a smell like + 类比物”。既可说好闻的气味,也可说难闻的气味;不要自动把它翻成“臭味”。countable uncountableI love the smell of fresh bread.我喜欢新鲜面包的香味。There was a strange smell in the kitchen.厨房里有一股奇怪的气味。
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common 嗅觉📖 smell 也可以指辨认气味的身体感觉或能力,也就是人的嗅觉。💡 常见结构是“the sense of smell”,也可在医学或生理语境中说某人的 smell 变弱或消失。这里指的是感知气味的能力,不是某一种具体气味。countable uncountableA cold can temporarily affect your sense of smell.感冒可能会暂时影响你的嗅觉。
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common 可疑的迹象📖 比喻地说,某件事有一种“闻起来不对”的感觉,表示说话人凭直觉觉得它有问题、隐藏着复杂情况或不合适。💡 常见结构是“something has a bad smell”或“there is a smell of + 某种问题”。这种用法带有比喻色彩,常用于表达怀疑,不一定真的涉及鼻子闻到的气味。countable uncountableThe deal has a bad smell to it.这笔交易让人觉得有问题。
smells
plural
verb
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core 闻到📖 smell 表示用鼻子察觉到某种气味,重点在“闻到了什么”。💡 常见结构是“smell + 名词”,例如表示闻到食物、烟或花香。它可以表示无意中闻到,也可以表示主动去闻;不要在这种结构后加 like 来表示直接闻到某物。transitiveI can smell fresh bread.我闻得到新鲜面包的香味。She smelled smoke and opened the window.她闻到烟味,于是打开了窗户。
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common 察觉到气味📖 这个用法仍然是通过嗅觉察觉某物,只是宾语可以是设备、物质或其他带有气味的东西。💡 通常用“smell + 事物”表示察觉到它的气味,语境可以是日常生活,也可以是检查设备或环境。这里的宾语不是“闻这个动作”,而是被闻到的对象。broadly transitiveI smell something burning near the garage.我闻到车库附近有东西烧焦的味道。
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core 闻起来📖 smell 可以说明某物散发出怎样的气味,重点是“它闻起来是什么样”。💡 常见结构是“smell + 形容词”,如表示香、臭或奇怪;这是系动词用法,后面通常接形容词而不是副词。主语一般是散发气味的东西,不是闻气味的人。copulative intransitiveThe roses smell lovely.这些玫瑰闻起来很香。The milk smells sour.牛奶闻起来酸了。
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common 有某种气味📖 它也可笼统地表示某物带有某种气味,气味好坏取决于上下文。💡 常见结构是“smell like + 名词”或“smell of + 来源”;like 强调“像某种东西”,of 强调“带有某种来源的气味”。涉及粗俗或强烈难闻的气味时,语气可能不雅,正式场合应换用更中性的表达。broadly copulative intransitiveThe old coat smells of smoke.这件旧外套有烟味。
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common 显得可疑📖 在比喻用法中,smell 表示某事“闻起来”像谎言、诽谤或其他不好的事情,即凭直觉察觉它有问题。💡 常见结构是“smell of + 抽象问题”或“smell like + 可疑事物”。这是非字面的表达,通常用于批评或怀疑,不表示真的闻到了气味。copulative figuratively intransitiveHis excuse smells of dishonesty.他的借口让人觉得不太诚实。
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rare 留意📖 这是过时用法,表示留心或注意某件事,与“闻到气味”的核心意义已经拉开距离。💡 只会在古旧文本或历史语境中遇到,现代英语中不要用它来表示“注意”。学习时记住即可,不必主动使用。obsolete
smells
present,singular,third-person
smelling
participle,present
smelled
participle,past
smelled
past
smelt
participle,past
smelt
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 10 组
become aware of not through the senses but instinctively; ;
同义词集:
smell
smell out
sense
I sense his hostility
I smell trouble
smell out corruption
上位: perceive
the act of perceiving the odor of something
同义词集:
smell
smelling
上位: perception, sensing
下位: sniff, snuff
emit an odor
同义词集:
smell
The soup smells good
smell bad
同义词集:
smell
He rarely washes, and he smells
下位: reek, salute, stink
inhale the odor of; perceive by the olfactory sense
同义词集:
smell
上位: comprehend, perceive
下位: nose, scent, sniff, snuff, snuffle, whiff, wind
have an element suggestive (of something);
同义词集:
smack
reek
smell
his speeches smacked of racism
this passage smells of plagiarism
上位: evoke, paint a picture, suggest
any property detected by the olfactory system
同义词集:
olfactory property
smell
aroma
odor
odour
scent
上位: property
下位: bouquet, fragrance, fragrancy, redolence, sweetness
the faculty that enables us to distinguish scents
同义词集:
smell
sense of smell
olfaction
olfactory modality
上位: modality, sense modality, sensory system
下位: nose
the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are stimulated by particular chemicals in gaseous form
同义词集:
smell
odor
odour
olfactory sensation
olfactory perception
she loved the smell of roses
上位: aesthesis, esthesis, sensation, sense datum, sense experience, sense impression
下位: aroma, fetor, foetor, fragrance, malodor, malodour, mephitis, perfume, reek, scent, stench, stink
the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people; ;
同义词集:
spirit
tone
feel
feeling
flavor
flavour
look
smell
the feel of the city excited him
a clergyman improved the tone of the meeting
it had the smell of treason
上位: ambiance, ambience, atmosphere
下位: hollywood, zeitgeist
🌳 词源
名词和动词都来自中古英语,词源可追溯到表示燃烧、冒烟或阴燃的词根,后来发展出“散发气味”和“察觉气味”的意义。
Proto-Indo-European *smel-der.
Proto-West Germanic *smalljan
Old English *smiellan
Middle English smellen
English smell
From Middle English smellen, smillen, smyllen, smullen, from Old English *smyllan, *smiellan (“to smell, emit fumes”), from Proto-West Germanic *smallijan (“to glow, burn, smoulder”), from Proto-Indo-European *smel- (“to burn, smoke, smoulder; tar, pitch”). The noun is from Middle English smel, smil, smul (“smell, odour”). Related to Saterland Frisian smeele (“to smoulder”), Middle Dutch smōlen (“to burn, smoulder”) (whence Dutch smeulen (“to smoulder”)), Middle Low German smölen (“to be hazy, be dusty”) (whence Low German smölen (“smoulder”)), Low German smullen (“emit smoke”), West Flemish smoel (“stuffy, muggy, hazy”), Danish smul (“dust, powder”), Lithuanian smilkyti (“to incense, fumigate”), Lithuanian smilkti (“to smudge, smolder, fume, reek”), Lithuanian smalkinti (“to fume”), Middle Irish smál, smól, smúal (“fire, gleed, embers, ashes”), Russian смола́ (smolá, “resin, tar”). Compare smoulder, smother.
🔄 变式
smelled
past
smelling
present
smells
plural
smelt
past
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