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slow
★★★★
🇺🇸 /slˈoʊ/
slow 的核心意思是“速度或进展不快”。它可以描述移动、变化、理解和活动状态,也可以表示时间显示偏早;作动词时表示“使变慢”或“变慢”。
💡 记忆钩子
把 slow 想成一辆在低速行驶的车:车走得慢,是速度不快;事情慢慢发生,是进展拖长;人反应慢,是理解不快;钟走慢,则显示的时间落在真实时间之前。这个核心还可以延伸为不慌不忙、缺少活力或活动不多。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“速度不快”这一核心,再扩展到“进展慢、理解慢、钟表慢”等比喻或具体用法。
- slow 既可作形容词,也可作副词;不要因为它通常修饰名词,就误以为只能作形容词。
- 形容人的 slow 带有贬义且较口语,谈论理解能力时应谨慎,通常选择更委婉的说法。
📖 中文释义
adj
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core 速度慢的📖 指移动、运行或做某件事的速度低,需要较长时间才能完成。它是 slow 最基本的意思,像一辆低速行驶的车。💡 常用结构是“slow + 交通工具、机器或过程”,如 a slow train、a slow computer;也可说 be slow。不要把它和“停止”混淆,slow 只是速度低,并不表示完全不动。The old train is slow, but it is comfortable.这列旧火车速度很慢,但很舒适。My computer is too slow to open the file.我的电脑太慢,打不开这个文件。
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core 进展缓慢的📖 指变化、发展或事情发生得不快,过程被拉长到较长时间,而不是短时间内完成。💡 常用结构是“slow + change/growth/process”或 be slow to do something;slow change 表示变化缓慢,不表示变化很小。谈论进展时可用 progress is slow,但不要直接把 slow 当作“晚”来使用。The recovery has been slow but steady.恢复过程一直很慢,但很稳定。The town is experiencing slow growth.这个城镇正在经历缓慢的增长。
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common 理解迟缓的📖 形容人理解、反应或掌握信息的速度较慢,侧重脑力反应不快。用于指人时常带贬义,尤其是在非正式语境中。💡 常见结构是 be slow to understand、be slow at learning;slow student 可以指学习理解慢的学生。这个用法可能伤人,不宜随意给人贴标签,正式或礼貌表达应改用较委婉的说法。derogatory informalI was slow to understand the joke.我过了一会儿才明白这个笑话。
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common 不急躁的📖 指做事不急着完成,愿意按较慢的节奏谨慎处理;这里的慢不一定是能力差,而可能是有意放慢。💡 常用结构是 be slow to react、be slow to anger 或 be slow to make a decision;slow to 后接动词原形。不要把这种“不急”自动理解成消极或懒惰,具体含义要看上下文。She is slow to make decisions, but she rarely makes mistakes.她做决定不急,但很少犯错。
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common 钟表走慢的📖 形容钟表显示的时间比真实时间早,也就是钟表本身的指针落后于准确时间。💡 常用结构是“钟表 + be + slow”,如 My watch is slow;也可说 the clock is five minutes slow,说明慢了几分钟。这里不是说钟表运行速度暂时变慢,而是说它显示的时间不准且偏早。My watch is three minutes slow.我的手表慢了三分钟。
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common 缺少活力的📖 指人、表演、气氛或行动缺少轻快和活力,显得沉闷、迟缓,不一定涉及实际移动速度。💡 常用结构是 a slow performance、a slow pace 或 feel slow;修饰气氛时通常表示不够活跃。不要把它一律翻成“速度慢”,这里更接近“沉闷、没有精神”。The party felt slow after midnight.午夜过后,聚会显得有些沉闷。
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common 不忙的📖 指某段时间或某个行业活动少、事情不多,像一个安静而冷清的工作日。💡 常用结构是 a slow day、a slow week 或 business is slow;这里通常描述工作量、客流或新闻活动少。不要误解为所有事情都进行得慢,它也可能只是说当时没有多少事情发生。It was a slow day at the restaurant.餐馆那天生意很清淡。
slower
comparative
slowest
superlative
adv
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core 慢慢地📖 表示动作以低速度进行,与“速度慢的”这一核心意思相同,只是此时修饰动作而不是名词。💡 常见结构是 go slow、take it slow 或 run slow;在命令或口语中尤其自然。正式语境中修饰动词通常优先使用 slowly,但固定或口语表达中的 slow 不能机械替换。Go slow on the icy road.在结冰的路上慢点开。The elevator is running slow today.电梯今天运行得很慢。
slower
comparative
slowest
superlative
noun
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rare 迟钝或懒散的人📖 把一个速度慢、行动拖沓的人直接称为 slow,延伸自“慢”的核心概念;这种名词用法带明显贬义。💡 通常出现在 a slow 或 the slow 这类名词短语中,不能像普通形容词一样随意单独指人。这个用法不礼貌,学习时认识即可,不要把它当作日常称呼。
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common 慢节奏歌曲📖 指节奏较慢、通常较舒缓的歌曲,是把“慢”直接延伸到音乐速度上的名词用法。💡 常见结构是 a slow、play a slow 或 dance to a slow;具体指歌曲时也常说 a slow song。它通常描述节奏,不一定说明歌曲内容悲伤。They played a slow for the last dance.最后一支舞,他们播放了一首慢歌。
slows
plural
verb
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core 使变慢📖 指主动降低某物移动、运行或进行的速度,让它不再那么快。💡 常用结构是 slow + 物体或过程,如 slow the machine、slow the process;也常用 slow down + 宾语。若主语本身减速,应改用不及物结构,不能说人 slow 了车却没有明确宾语。transitiveThe driver slowed the car before the turn.司机在转弯前让车减速。We need to slow the process down.我们需要让这个过程慢下来。
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common 阻碍进展📖 指让某人或某事无法快速推进,重点不是单纯降低移动速度,而是拖慢进程。💡 常用结构是 slow + traffic/progress/growth 或 slow something down;宾语通常是交通、工作、发展等正在推进的事物。不要把它只理解成物理上的减速,抽象事务也能作宾语。transitiveHeavy traffic slowed our progress.拥堵的交通拖慢了我们的进度。
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core 变慢📖 指人、车辆、机器或自然过程自身逐渐降低速度,不强调有人主动让它变慢。💡 常见结构是 slow down 或 slow as something happens;主语是正在减速的事物。口语中可省略 down,但在很多句子里 slow down 更自然;不要给不及物用法强行添加宾语。intransitiveThe bus slowed as it approached the station.公共汽车接近车站时慢了下来。The wind slowly slowed after sunset.日落后,风渐渐减弱了。
slows
present,singular,third-person
slowing
participle,present
slowed
participle,past
slowed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 11 组
(of business) not active or brisk;
同义词集:
dull
slow
sluggish
business is dull (or slow)
a sluggish market
近似: inactive
without speed (`slow' is sometimes used informally for `slowly'); ; ;
同义词集:
slowly
slow
easy
tardily
he spoke slowly
go easy here--the road is slippery
glaciers move tardily
please go slow so I can see the sights
反义: apace, chop-chop, in short order, quickly, rapidly, speedily
of timepieces;
同义词集:
behind
slow
the clock is almost an hour slow
my watch is running behind
lose velocity; move more slowly
同义词集:
decelerate
slow
slow down
slow up
retard
The car decelerated
反义: accelerate, quicken, speed, speed up
上位: decrease, diminish, fall, lessen
下位: delay, detain, hold up, slow down, slow up
become slow or slower
同义词集:
slow
slow down
slow up
slack
slacken
Production slowed
上位: weaken
cause to proceed more slowly
同义词集:
slow
slow down
slow up
The illness slowed him down
上位: decelerate, retard, slow down, slow up
下位: bog, bog down, clog, constipate
slow to learn or understand; lacking intellectual acuity; ; ; - Thackeray; ;
同义词集:
dense
dim
dull
dumb
obtuse
slow
so dense he never understands anything I say to him
never met anyone quite so dim
although dull at classical learning, at mathematics he was uncommonly quick
dumb officials make some really dumb decisions
he was either normally stupid or being deliberately obtuse
worked with the slow students
近似: stupid
not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time; ; ; ;
同义词集:
slow
a slow walker
the slow lane of traffic
her steps were slow
he was slow in reacting to the news
slow but steady growth
反义: fast
近似: bumper-to-bumper, drawn-out, lazy, long-play, long-playing, slow-moving, sluggish, sulky
参见: gradual
at a slow tempo
同义词集:
slow
the band played a slow waltz
反义: fast
近似: largo
(used of timepieces) indicating a time earlier than the correct time
同义词集:
slow
the clock is slow
反义: fast
so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness; ; ; ; ; ; - Edmund Burke; ; - Mark Twain
同义词集:
boring
deadening
dull
ho-hum
irksome
slow
tedious
tiresome
wearisome
a boring evening with uninteresting people
the deadening effect of some routine tasks
a dull play
his competent but dull performance
a ho-hum speaker who couldn't capture their attention
what an irksome task the writing of long letters is
tedious days on the train
the tiresome chirping of a cricket
other people's dreams are dreadfully wearisome
近似: uninteresting
🌳 词源
来自中古英语,源自古英语,最初含有“迟钝、懒散、迟缓”等意思;现代“速度慢”和“反应迟钝”等义都由这一核心发展而来。
From Middle English slaw, slow, from Old English slāw (“lazy; inert, slow”), from Proto-West Germanic *slaiw, from Proto-Germanic *slaiwaz (“blunt; dull; exhausted, faint, sluggish, weak, weary; listless, torpid; dim-witted, slow; lazy, slack”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sleyH-u- (“bad”).
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch slee, sleeuw (“cramped, stiff; blunt; sour”), Danish sløv (“blunt; dull; apathetic, lethargic, listless, sluggish, torpid; drowsy”), Icelandic sljór (“dim-witted; blunt; jaded”), Norwegian Nynorsk sljo, slø, sløv (“blunt; weak; lazy”), Swedish slö (“dull; lazy, lethargic, slow, sluggish”).
🔄 变式
slowed
past
slower
compar
slowest
superl
slowing
present
slows
plural
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