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shrill
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🇺🇸 /ʃɹˈɪl/
🇬🇧 /ʃɹɪl/
shrill 主要表示声音尖锐刺耳,也可形容人的嗓音、语气或表达方式尖刻强硬;在少数语境中还可指感官上尖锐的味道或感觉。
💡 记忆钩子
把 shrill 想成一根突然刺进耳朵的尖针:最初是尖锐刺耳的声音,声音落到人的嗓音上,就成了尖细刺耳的声音;再从声音的刺耳感引申到语气和表达上的尖刻、咄咄逼人,少数情况下也形容味道等感官刺激很尖锐。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“尖锐刺耳的声音”和“尖细刺耳的嗓音”这两个核心义,再理解它如何引申为语气尖刻或强硬。
- 不要把 shrill 只理解成“声音很大”;它更强调尖、高、刺耳以及令人不舒服的感觉。
- 形容味道或其他感官体验的用法较少见,阅读时结合具体语境理解即可。
📖 中文释义
adj
-
core 尖锐刺耳的📖 指声音音调很高、穿透力强,像尖针一样刺入耳朵,听起来令人不舒服。💡 常见结构是“shrill + cry/sound/voice”等,或用“a sound is shrill”说明声音本身的特点。它强调高而刺耳,不等于所有响亮的声音;描述鸟叫、警报声等时尤其自然。A shrill whistle cut through the quiet station.一声尖锐刺耳的哨声划破了安静的车站。The woods rang with the shrill cries of birds.树林里回荡着鸟儿尖锐刺耳的叫声。
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common 嗓音尖细刺耳的📖 形容人的嗓音本身又高又尖,听感刺耳;重点在声音特征,不一定说明这个人的性格。💡 常见结构是“a shrill voice”或“someone's voice is shrill”。不要把它误解成“声音清亮”或“说话有感染力”;这个词通常含有负面评价。若只想中性地说音调高,可改用表示音调高而不带刺耳意味的说法。Her shrill voice carried across the crowded room.她尖细刺耳的嗓音传遍了拥挤的房间。
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rare 感官上尖锐的📖 在品酒等少数语境中,指味道或感觉尖锐、刺激性强,仍可联想到刺耳声音带来的“尖”感。💡 常见于对葡萄酒等味道的专业或评论性描述,通常放在味道、酸度等名词前。日常英语中不要随意用它形容普通食物,否则容易显得夸张或不自然。
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common 语气尖刻强硬的📖 从刺耳的声音引申而来,形容人的语气、抗议或表达方式尖刻、强硬而咄咄逼人,常带贬义。💡 常见结构是“a shrill voice/tone/protest”,也可说某人的论调或要求变得 shrill。这里不只是音调高,还包含表达方式过于激烈、刺耳的评价。不要把它当作单纯的“坚定”或“有力”,因为它通常暗示说话方式令人反感。derogatory especially figurativelyThe debate grew shrill as both sides accused each other of lying.双方互相指责对方说谎,辩论的语气变得越来越尖刻激烈。
shriller
comparative
shrillest
superlative
noun
-
core 尖锐的声音📖 指突然出现的一声高而刺耳的声音,核心仍是像尖针一样刺耳的听觉感受。💡 可用“a shrill from somewhere”或“a sudden shrill”表示一声尖锐声音,但现代英语中更自然的说法往往是“a shrill sound/cry”。它通常指短促、引人注意且令人不适的声音,而不是持续的普通噪声。A sudden shrill came from the hallway, and everyone turned around.走廊里突然传来一声尖锐刺耳的声音,所有人都转过了身。
shrills
plural
verb
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core 发出尖锐声📖 指发出高而刺耳的声音,或让这种声音穿过某个地方;可以把它看成声音版的“尖针刺出”。💡 可用“the bird/alarm shrilled”表示某物发出尖声,也可用“shrill through/across the room”说明声音传过某处。这个动词通常不直接带人作宾语,因此不要照搬“喊某人”的结构。The alarm shrilled until someone finally switched it off.警报器尖锐刺耳地响着,直到有人终于把它关掉。
shrills
present,singular,third-person
shrilling
participle,present
shrilled
participle,past
shrilled
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
of colors that are bright and gaudy
同义词集:
shrill
a shrill turquoise
近似: colorful, colourful
being sharply insistent on being heard;
同义词集:
strident
shrill
strident demands
shrill criticism
近似: imperative
utter a shrill cry
同义词集:
shriek
shrill
pipe up
pipe
上位: call, cry, holler, hollo, scream, shout, shout out, squall, yell
having or emitting a high-pitched and sharp tone or tones;
同义词集:
shrill
sharp
a shrill whistle
a shrill gaiety
近似: high, high-pitched
🌳 词源
源自中古英语,最初指声音高而刺耳,词源可能与模仿声音有关。
From Late Middle English schrille, shirle, shrille (“of a sound: high-pitched, piercing; producing such a sound”), possibly from the earlier shil, schille (“loud, resounding; high-pitched”), from Old English sċill (“sonorous sounding”), of Germanic origin and probably ultimately imitative.
The r in the word was introduced by analogy to Middle English skrīke, skrīken, scrēmen, possibly to avoid confusion with non-Anglian forms of schelle (modern English shell) where Old English sċill (“sonorous sounding”) and sċill (“shell”) existed.
The word is cognate with Icelandic skella (“crash, bang, slam”), Low German schrell (“sharp in taste or tone”).
🔄 变式
shrilled
past
shriller
compar
shrillest
superl
shrilling
present
shrills
plural
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