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shock
★★★★
🇺🇸 /ʃˈɑk/
🇬🇧 /ʃɒk/
shock的核心概念是突然而强烈的冲击；它既可以指实际的撞击，也可以指带来震惊的事件、情绪反应或相关技术处理。
💡 记忆钩子
把shock想成一记突然袭来的“冲击波”：身体受到撞击是冲击，坏消息让人心里受到冲击就是震惊；这股冲击还可延伸到车辆减震器、电击以及工程和泳池处理等技术用法。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握名词“冲击、震惊”和动词“使震惊”，再学习车辆、泳池和科学领域的专门用法。
- 不要把shock只理解成“害怕”；它通常强调突然受到强烈影响，也可以指物理撞击或电击。
📖 中文释义
adj
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core 令人震惊的📖 指完全出人意料、使人强烈惊讶或不安的事情。它和名词或动词的核心联系都是“突然造成冲击”。💡 常见结构是“shock + 名词”，例如“shock result”或“shock announcement”。它多用于新闻和强调意外性的表达，不能简单替换所有表示“惊人的”或“很棒的”词。通常不说“very shock”，因为它不是普通可比较的性质形容词。not-comparableThe team made a shock announcement after the final match.那支队伍在决赛后发布了一项令人震惊的消息。
name
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rare 姓氏📖 作为专有名词时，Shock可以是人的姓，而不是普通名词“冲击”或动词“使震惊”。
Shocks
plural
noun
-
core 强烈撞击📖 指物体突然受到的一次很重的撞击或震动，是“冲击波”这一核心意象最直接的名词用法。💡 常见结构是“a shock to + 名词”或“with a great shock”；表示一次具体撞击时通常用可数形式。不要把它和“撞车”本身混同，shock强调撞击带来的冲击，而不是事故这一完整事件。countable uncountableThe bridge shook when the truck hit it with a heavy shock.卡车猛烈撞上桥时，桥身震动了起来。
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core 心理冲击📖 指突如其来的坏消息或经历给人造成的强烈震惊、痛苦或不安；它是“受到一记冲击”从身体感觉向心理感觉的延伸。💡 常见结构是“be in shock”“a shock to someone”和“come as a shock”。“shock”不等于普通的惊讶，通常暗示影响很强、让人一时难以平静；说“受到惊吓”时要根据上下文区分它和单纯的害怕。countable figuratively uncountableThe sudden loss of her job was a terrible shock.她突然失去工作是一个巨大的打击。
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common 车辆减震器📖 在车辆语境中，shock是shock absorber的简称，指悬挂系统中帮助减弱颠簸和震动的部件。💡 汽车语境中常用复数“shocks”，尤其在“replace the shocks”或“worn shocks”等结构里。它是口语和维修语境中的简称；正式技术说明中也可能写完整的“shock absorber”。countable uncountableThe mechanic said the car needs new shocks.修理工说这辆车需要更换新的减震器。
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rare 方程解中的突跃📖 在数学中，指偏微分方程的解出现不连续的突跃，可理解为“冲击”在数学模型中的专门表现。countable uncountable
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rare 泳池强化处理剂📖 在泳池维护中，指加入泳池水中的一种化学处理剂，用来调节氯并分解污染物。countable uncountable
shocks
plural
noun
-
rare 成排晾晒的禾捆📖 旧用法中指为了晾晒而排列起来的一组庄稼捆，类似把收割物集中成垛。
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rare 六十件的一批📖 旧商业用语中指由六十件散货组成的一批，主要见于波罗的海港口相关语境。dated
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common 一簇；一蓬📖 指头发、草等聚成的一大簇或蓬乱的一团，是“成束、成团”这一扩展意义。💡 常见结构是“a shock of + 头发、毛发或草”等名词，通常用于描写某物的外观。它多见于描写性文字，不能泛指任何“一堆”东西；说普通的一堆物品时应使用更一般的词。broadlyA shock of dark hair fell across his forehead.一蓬黑发垂在他的额头上。
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rare 长毛小狗📖 旧用法中指毛发蓬长的小型狗，尤其是贵宾犬或狐狸犬一类的宠物狗。obsolete
shocks
plural
verb
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core 使震惊📖 指某件事让人突然受到强烈的心理冲击，感到震惊、难过或不安。这是“冲击”核心概念最常见的动词用法。💡 常见结构是“shock + 人”或“be shocked by/at + 事情”。说人的感受用“be shocked”，说事情造成的效果用“be shocking”；不要说“人是shocking”来表示“人感到震惊”。transitiveThe news shocked everyone in the office.这条消息让办公室里的每个人都震惊了。
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common 使触电📖 指让人或动物受到电流造成的电击，是“突然强烈冲击”在电学中的直接延伸。💡 常见结构是“shock + 人”或“get shocked”，但涉及电流时也常用“give someone an electric shock”。这个动词强调造成电击，不一定表示严重伤害；涉及安全说明时不要把它误解成普通的“吓到”。transitiveThe damaged cable could shock someone who touches it.损坏的电缆可能会使触碰它的人触电。
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rare 使受到冲击波📖 指让物体承受冲击波或猛烈撞击，常用于爆炸和材料科学语境。transitive
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rare 猛烈相撞📖 旧用法中指双方发生猛烈碰撞或冲突，可看作“彼此受到冲击”。intransitive obsolete
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rare 给泳池作强化处理📖 指向泳池中加入专用化学品，以调节氯并帮助分解污染物，是名词技术用法转成动词。transitive
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rare 高压冲击使晶体变形📖 地质学中指用极高压力冲击石头，使其晶体结构发生变形；这是“施加猛烈冲击”的高度专业化用法。transitive
shocks
present,singular,third-person
shocking
participle,present
shocked
participle,past
shocked
past
verb
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rare 收拢成垛📖 指把黑麦等庄稼收集并整理成一组或一垛，与另一词源下“庄稼垛”的名词义相连。transitive
shocks
present,singular,third-person
shocking
participle,present
shocked
participle,past
shocked
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 17 组
inflict a trauma upon
同义词集:
traumatize
traumatise
shock
上位: injure, wound
subject to electrical shocks
同义词集:
shock
上位: care for, treat
a reflex response to the passage of electric current through the body;
同义词集:
electric shock
electrical shock
shock
subjects received a small electric shock when they made the wrong response
electricians get accustomed to occasional shocks
上位: inborn reflex, innate reflex, instinctive reflex, physiological reaction, reflex, reflex action, reflex response, unconditioned reflex
the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat
同义词集:
shock
impact
the armies met in the shock of battle
上位: combat, fight, fighting, scrap
collect or gather into shocks
同义词集:
shock
shock grain
上位: collect, garner, gather, pull together
collide violently
同义词集:
shock
上位: clash, collide
strike with horror or terror
同义词集:
shock
The news of the bombing shocked her
上位: alarm, appal, appall, dismay, horrify
surprise greatly; knock someone's socks off
同义词集:
shock
floor
ball over
blow out of the water
take aback
I was floored when I heard that I was promoted
上位: surprise
strike with disgust or revulsion
同义词集:
shock
offend
scandalize
scandalise
appal
appall
outrage
The scandalous behavior of this married woman shocked her friends
上位: churn up, disgust, nauseate, revolt, sicken
a mechanical damper; absorbs energy of sudden impulses
同义词集:
shock absorber
shock
cushion
the old car needed a new set of shocks
上位: damper, muffler
an unpleasant or disappointing surprise
同义词集:
shock
blow
it came as a shock to learn that he was injured
上位: surprise
下位: blip
a sudden jarring impact;
同义词集:
jolt
jar
jounce
shock
the door closed with a jolt
all the jars and jolts were smoothed out by the shock absorbers
上位: blow, bump
an instance of agitation of the earth's crust
同义词集:
shock
seismic disturbance
the first shock of the earthquake came shortly after noon while workers were at lunch
上位: earthquake, quake, seism, temblor
the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally;
同义词集:
daze
shock
stupor
his mother's death left him in a daze
he was numb with shock
a bushy thick mass (especially hair)
同义词集:
shock
he had an unruly shock of black hair
上位: mass
a pile of sheaves of grain set on end in a field to dry; stalks of Indian corn set up in a field;
同义词集:
shock
corn is bound in small sheaves and several sheaves are set up together in shocks
whole fields of wheat in shock
上位: agglomerate, cumulation, cumulus, heap, mound, pile
(pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor
同义词集:
shock
loss of blood is an important cause of shock
上位: collapse, prostration
🌳 词源
词源大致与表示“摇动、震动、撞击”的古代日耳曼语和法语词有关，但具体来源不确定；另有一组词源中，shock是shag的变体。
From Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkaną (“to move, shake, tremble”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skakaną (“to shake, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek-, *(s)keg- (“to shake, stir”); see shake.
Cognate with Middle Low German schocken (“collide with, deliver a blow to, move back and forth”), Old High German scoc (“a jolt, swing”), Middle High German schocken (“to swing”) (German schaukeln), Old Norse skykkr (“vibration, surging motion”), Icelandic skykkjun (“tremulously”), Middle English schiggen (“to shake”). Doublet of shog.
🔄 变式
shocked
past
shocking
present
Shocks
plural
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