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shelter
★★★
🇺🇸 /ʃˈɛltɚ/
🇬🇧 /ˈʃɛltə/
shelter 指遮挡危险、天气或骚扰的地方、保护性遮蔽物,也可表示保护这一行为或状态;作动词时表示保护某人或躲避到遮蔽物下。
💡 记忆钩子
把 shelter 想成一把能挡住风雨和危险的“大伞”:伞本身是避难处或遮蔽物,伞所提供的是保护;用作动词时,可以是给别人撑伞,也可以是自己躲到伞下。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“避难处、遮蔽物”和“保护、躲避”这条主线,再记住动物收容所这一常见具体用法。
- 不要把 shelter 只理解成“房屋”;它也可以是树下、岩石后等临时遮蔽物,或抽象的保护状态。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 避难处;遮蔽物📖 指人可以躲进去或躲在后面、从而得到保护的具体地方,例如山洞、树下或简易棚屋。重点是“有一个可找到的遮蔽地点”,不一定是正式建筑物。💡 常用“find/seek/take shelter”表示找到、寻找或躲进避难处,也可说“a shelter from the rain/wind”。它是可数名词,前面通常需要冠词或其他限定词;不要把所有普通房间都直接叫作 shelter。countableWe found shelter under a rocky overhang before the storm arrived.暴风雨来临前,我们在岩石突出的部分下面找到了避雨处。The hikers built a simple shelter from branches.徒步者用树枝搭了一个简易避难棚。
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common 有遮挡的空间📖 指能挡住视线、天气或其他外界影响的具体遮蔽空间,常常只是建筑物或设施的一部分,而不是完整的住所。💡 可用“inside/behind the shelter”说明人在遮蔽空间里面或后面,也可用“a shelter from...”说明它挡住什么。这个用法强调遮挡功能,不表示长期居住的房子;谈普通住所时通常应使用相应的居住类词语。countable usuallyThe guards waited inside the shelter until the noise had stopped.噪声停止前,警卫一直待在遮蔽处里面。
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common 动物收容所📖 常指收留、照料并等待领养的无家可归动物的机构,尤其常用于宠物语境。💡 最常见的搭配是“animal shelter”和“adopt from a shelter”;这里的 shelter 是机构,不是单纯的遮雨棚。谈领养宠物时不要把它误解成宠物商店或繁育场所。countable oftenThey adopted their dog from a local animal shelter.他们从当地的动物收容所领养了这条狗。
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core 保护性遮蔽物;庇护📖 表示能够挡住风雨、危险或伤害的保护物,也可以泛指满足基本生存需要的住所和遮蔽。这里关注的不是某一个地点,而是“提供遮挡的东西或条件”。💡 抽象谈基本需要时常用不可数的“food, water, and shelter”;具体指一处遮蔽物时则可数。不要在不可数用法前随意加“a”,除非你指的是某一处具体 shelter。uncountableEveryone deserves food, clean water, and shelter.每个人都应当拥有食物、干净的水和住所。The thick trees provided shelter from the wind.茂密的树木挡住了风。
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common 受保护状态;庇护📖 表示一个人处在被保护、免受危险或伤害的状态,强调的是保护所带来的安全感,而不是某个具体遮蔽物。💡 常用“under the shelter of...”表示在某种保护或庇护下,也可说“seek shelter”强调寻求安全。这个抽象用法通常不可数;不要把它和具体避难地点混为一谈。abstract uncountableThe refugees lived under the shelter of a neighboring country.这些难民生活在邻国的庇护下。
shelters
plural
verb
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core 保护;掩护📖 指为人或物挡住天气、危险、伤害或骚扰,就像给对方撑起一把伞。保护对象可以是人,也可以是植物、设备等事物。💡 常用“shelter someone/something from the rain/danger”表示使某人或某物免受某事影响;它是及物动词,后面通常直接接保护对象。不要在这种结构中误加表示地点的介词来代替宾语。transitiveThe cave sheltered the travelers from the freezing wind.山洞保护旅行者免受刺骨寒风侵袭。She sheltered the plants from the afternoon sun.她把植物遮起来,使它们免受午后阳光直晒。
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core 躲避;避雨📖 指自己躲到某个遮蔽物下或后面,以避开雨、风或危险。它把“寻找保护处”这个名词概念变成了动作。💡 常用“shelter under/behind...”表示躲在某物下或后面,也可用“shelter from...”说明躲避的对象;这种用法通常是不及物的。不要把它误当成“住在某处”,它往往只表示临时躲避。intransitiveWe sheltered under a bridge until the rain stopped.我们躲在桥下,直到雨停。The animals sheltered from the heat in the shade.动物们躲在阴凉处避暑。
shelters
present,singular,third-person
sheltering
participle,present
sheltered
participle,past
sheltered
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 7 组
invest (money) so that it is not taxable
同义词集:
shelter
上位: commit, invest, place, put
provide shelter for
同义词集:
shelter
After the earthquake, the government could not provide shelter for the thousands of homeless people
上位: furnish, provide, render, supply
下位: domiciliate, harbor, harbour, house, kennel, put up, stable, stall
a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger
同义词集:
shelter
上位: construction, structure
下位: army hut, asylum, collapsible shelter, dugout, field hut, haven, hovel, hut, hutch, loft, oasis, pigeon loft, refuge, sanctuary, shack, shanty, tent
protective covering that provides protection from the weather
同义词集:
shelter
上位: protection, protective cover, protective covering
下位: canopy, cote, dog house, doghouse, kennel, lean-to, roost
temporary housing for homeless or displaced persons
同义词集:
shelter
上位: housing, living accommodations, lodging
下位: camp, refugee camp
a way of organizing business to reduce the taxes it must pay on current earnings
同义词集:
tax shelter
shelter
上位: decrease, diminution, reduction, step-down
the condition of being protected;
同义词集:
protection
shelter
they were huddled together for protection
he enjoyed a sense of peace and protection in his new home
上位: security
下位: indemnity, insurance
🌳 词源
源自古英语,字面上与“盾牌”和“军队”组成的“盾牌队伍”有关,后来引申为遮蔽和保护。
From Middle English sheltron, sheldtrume (“roof or wall formed by locked shields”), from Old English sċildtruma, sċyldtruma (“a phalanx, company (of troops), a tortoise, a covering, shed, shelter”, literally “shield-troop”), from sċyld, sċield (“shield”) + truma (“a troop of soldiers”). Cognate with Scots schilthrum, schiltrum. More at shield, and Old English trymman (“to strengthen”), from trum (“strong, firm”) at trim.
Doublet of sheltron (a kind of military formation), which is the more conservative of the two.
🔄 变式
sheltered
past
sheltering
present
shelters
plural
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