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security
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /sɪkjˈʊɹʌti/
🇬🇧 /sɪˈkjɔːɹəti/
security主要表示“安全、保障”，也可指提供保障的人或机构；在法律和金融语境中，还可表示担保、抵押物以及可交易的证券。
💡 记忆钩子
把security想成一扇被牢牢守住的门：门里的人处于安全状态，这是“安全”；守门的人或装置是“保障”；为履行承诺而交出的担保物也是“保障”；到了金融领域，代表资产或债权的证券，则是把这种保障变成可以持有和交易的凭证。少数法律义和旧义，都可看作从“免除担忧、提供保障”进一步引申出来的用法。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“安全、保障”这一核心义，再按语境区分法律担保和金融证券；不要把所有security都简单译成“保安”。
- 金融语境中的security常指一项证券，复数形式常用于泛指证券；“安全感”通常说sense of security，而不是把security误解为单纯的“确定性”。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 安全；保障📖 指不受身体、心理、情感或经济方面威胁的状态，也就是那扇门把危险挡在外面后的安心感。💡 常用“personal security”“financial security”或“a sense of security”这样的搭配，通常作不可数名词。表示具体的安全措施时不要机械地加不定冠词；谈论多个方面时可用“security measures”等相关表达。不要把它只理解成警卫或保安，那是它的其他语境义。uncountableRegular savings give her a greater sense of financial security.定期储蓄让她更有经济安全感。The children need to feel security and stability at home.孩子需要在家里感到安全和稳定。
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common 保障物；安全装置📖 指实际起到保护或固定作用的东西，例如锁、屏障或其他能把危险挡住的装置。💡 常用“a security against something”或“security device”等结构，具体装置也常由更明确的名词来表示。security单独使用时含义可能过于宽泛，写作中最好说明它防范的对象或采用的方式。不要把这个义项和负责守护的机构混为一谈。countableThe lock is an extra security against theft.这把锁是防盗的额外保障。
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common 保安部门；安保人员📖 指负责执行规定、维持秩序和保护人员或场所的组织、部门，日常也可泛指安保工作或安保人员。💡 “work in security”表示从事安保工作，“call security”表示叫来保安；这里通常作不可数名词。若要明确说某一名保安，通常使用“security guard”，而不是把security当作普通人的可数名称。它也可修饰地点或程序，表示与安保有关。countable uncountableShe works in security at a large airport.她在一家大型机场从事安保工作。
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common 法律担保📖 在法律语境中，指为确保某项义务或法律要求得到履行而提供的担保，相当于给承诺加上一层可依靠的保障。💡 常见结构有“provide security for an obligation”“give security for payment”和“as security”。这是正式的法律用语，不能在普通谈话中随意替代一般的安全；具体是保证、抵押还是其他担保，要看法律文件的上下文。countable uncountableThe court required him to provide security for the unpaid fine.法院要求他为未缴的罚款提供担保。
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rare 免除忧虑；安心📖 强调从担心或法律上的不安中解脱出来，是“有保障、因而不必忧虑”的较正式用法。💡 多见于正式或法律文本，常与“from”或“against”连用。现代日常英语中通常改用“safety”“assurance”或更具体的表达，学习时先识别即可，不必优先主动使用。countable uncountable
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core 证券📖 在金融领域，指可以交易的金融资产，如股票或债券；它把投资者对资产或收益的权利变成可持有、可转让的“保障凭证”。💡 金融语境中常用复数“securities”泛指证券，也可说“a security”表示一项证券。它通常和“buy”“sell”“trade”或“market”搭配；不要根据一般义把它理解成安保措施。具体是股票、债券还是其他资产，要由上下文说明。countable in-plural often uncountableThe fund invests in government securities and company shares.这只基金投资于政府证券和公司股票。The exchange suspended trading in the security.交易所暂停了这项证券的交易。
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common 证券所有权凭证📖 指证明某人拥有股票、债券或其他投资工具的凭证，重点在“证明所有权”，而不只是那项可交易的资产本身。💡 常出现在金融或法律文件中，和“proof of ownership”“hold”或“transfer”一类表达相连。现代交易中所有权常以电子记录保存，因此该义不一定指一张纸。不要把它和泛指金融资产的s6完全混同。countable uncountableThe bank kept the security as proof of her ownership.银行保留了这份证券作为她拥有该资产的凭证。
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common 抵押物；担保品📖 指暂时交出或留置的财产，用来保证贷款或其他债务能够偿还；它就是把某项财产放在门口，作为履约保障。💡 常用“put up something as security”“hold something as security”或“take something as security”。这是贷款和合同中的正式用语，具体财产通常由上下文说明；不要把它误当成借款本身或一般意义的安全。countable uncountableHe put up his car as security for the loan.他用自己的汽车作贷款抵押。
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common 保证；担保📖 指对某项承诺或付款作出的保证，重点是有人或某种安排承担责任，确保事情会按约完成。💡 常见于正式结构“give security”或“stand security for someone”，后者表示为某人作担保。这个义项在现代日常会话中不如“guarantee”常见，法律或旧式正式文体中更容易遇到。不要把它和s1的抽象安全状态混用。countable uncountableHer parents gave security for the rent until she found a job.她的父母为她的房租提供了担保，直到她找到工作。
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rare 粗心；疏忽📖 这是过时的反向引申义，指因过度放心而不加防备、变得粗心；现代英语中几乎不这样使用。💡 主要出现在古旧文学或历史文本中，现代表达通常改用“carelessness”或“negligence”。学习时把它当作阅读识别义，不要主动仿用。countable obsolete uncountable
securities
plural
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 9 组
measures taken as a precaution against theft or espionage or sabotage etc.
同义词集:
security
security measures
military security has been stepped up since the recent uprising
上位: guard, precaution, safeguard
an electrical device that sets off an alarm when someone tries to break in
同义词集:
security system
security measure
security
a guarantee that an obligation will be met
同义词集:
security
surety
上位: guarantee, warrant, warrantee, warranty
freedom from anxiety or fear
同义词集:
security
the watch dog gave her a feeling of security
上位: bravery, fearlessness
下位: confidence
a department responsible for the security of the institution's property and workers
同义词集:
security
security department
the head of security was a former policeman
上位: department, section
defense against financial failure; financial independence;
同义词集:
security
protection
his pension gave him security in his old age
insurance provided protection against loss of wages due to illness
上位: assets
下位: hedge, hedging, insurance
property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation
同义词集:
security
surety
bankers are reluctant to lend without good security
下位: deposit, earnest, stock warrant, stock-purchase warrant, warrant
a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends
同义词集:
security
certificate
he held several valuable securities
上位: instrument, legal document, legal instrument, official document
下位: bond, bond certificate, convertible, convertible security, stock, stock certificate, tax-exempt, tax-exempt security
the state of being free from danger or injury
同义词集:
security
we support the armed services in the name of national security
反义: insecurity
上位: safety
下位: peace, protection, public security, shelter
🌳 词源
security源自拉丁语，原意与“没有忧虑、无需操心”有关，后来发展出“安全”和“保障”等含义。
From secure + -ity, from Middle English securite, from Middle French securité (modern sécurité), from Latin sēcūritās, from Latin sēcūrus (“safe, secure”), from sē- (“without”) + cūra (“care”); see cure. Similar to Latin sine cūrā (“without care, carefree”), which led to English sinecure. Doublet of surety.
🔄 变式
securities
plural
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