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scrutiny
★★
🇺🇸 /skɹˈutʌni/
🇬🇧 /ˈskɹuːʔ.n̩.i/
scrutiny 指对人、事物或情况进行细致而严格的审查、检查,常用于正式语境。
💡 记忆钩子
把 scrutiny 想成拿着放大镜一层层查看:先是仔细研究某人或某物,再扩展到对案件、决定或选票进行严格审查;相关的宗教考试和选举复核也都保留了这种“彻底查清”的核心。
📝 学习建议
- 不要把 scrutiny 只理解成普通的“看”或“注意”;它强调细致、严格,常带有被检查、被挑剔的意味。
- 先掌握名词的“仔细审查”和“受到审查”,再了解选举等专门用法。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 细致研究📖 指把某个人或某件事拿来仔细观察、分析,力求看清每个重要细节;核心画面就是用放大镜彻底查看。💡 常见搭配是 close scrutiny、careful scrutiny of someone or something。它多作不可数名词,通常放在正式说明或评价中,不能简单替换成普通的 look 或 study。使用时要突出检查的深入和严格,而不是单纯表示“看过”。uncountable usuallyThe report deserves careful scrutiny before it is published.这份报告发表前值得仔细审查。Her research came under intense scrutiny from other scientists.她的研究受到了其他科学家的严格审查。
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core 彻底检查📖 指对一个情况、案件、决定或计划进行全面而严格的检查,以发现问题或确认事实;它是“拿放大镜查清楚”的自然延伸。💡 常见结构是 a situation or case comes under scrutiny,也可以说 subject something to scrutiny,表示“使某事接受审查”。这个词比 examination 或 inspection 更正式,也更容易带有公众、媒体或权威机构持续挑查的意味。不要把 come under scrutiny 误解为“开始被研究”这样完全中性的过程。uncountable usuallyThe company’s safety practices came under scrutiny after the accident.事故发生后,这家公司的安全做法受到了严格审查。The proposal was subjected to intense scrutiny by the committee.委员会对这项提案进行了严格审查。
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rare 受洗前的宗教考查📖 基督教历史用语,指在复活节受洗前对慕道者进行的考查;它保留了“彻底检查资格”的核心意思。uncountable usually
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rare 写有选票的小纸条📖 历史用法,指写有选票的小纸条;这里不是“审查”这一动作,而是与投票程序相关的纸票,现代普通英语中很少见。uncountable usually
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common 选票复核📖 指选举委员会对已投选票进行重新检查,以纠正计票或登记中的错误;这是“彻底查清”的专门选举用法。💡 常见于 election、vote 或 poll 的正式语境,如 scrutiny of the vote 或 an election scrutiny。它通常指官方复核程序,不是普通人查看投票结果。现代报道中更常用它的“审查”一般义,选举复核义需结合上下文判断。uncountable usuallyThe election results were delayed while officials conducted a scrutiny of the votes.官员复核选票期间,选举结果被推迟公布。
scrutinies
plural
verb
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rare 仔细审查📖 表示彻底检查某人或某事,是名词 scrutiny 所表达的“放大镜式审查”变成了动作;这种动词用法如今已过时。obsolete rare
scrutinies
present,singular,third-person
scrutinying
participle,present
scrutinied
participle,past
scrutinied
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 2 组
the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)
同义词集:
examination
scrutiny
上位: investigating, investigation
下位: audit, autopsy, checkup, comparing, comparison, follow-up, followup, health check, inspection, look-over, medical, medical checkup, medical exam, medical examination, necropsy, once-over, pm, post-mortem, post-mortem examination, postmortem, postmortem examination, reexamination, review, scan, search, study, survey, testing
a prolonged intense look
同义词集:
scrutiny
上位: look, looking, looking at
🌳 词源
源自中古英语,最终与表示“搜查、彻底检查”的拉丁语词根有关;词源还与“碎屑、废物”相联系,仿佛要把东西翻开查到底。
From Middle English scrutiny, from Medieval Latin scrūtinium (“a search, an inquiry”), from Vulgar Latin scrūtor (“to search or examine thoroughly”), from Late Latin scrūta (“rubbish, broken trash”), from an extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
🔄 变式
scrutinied
past
scrutinies
plural
scrutinying
present
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