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scorn
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🇺🇸 /skˈɔɹn/
🇬🇧 /skɔːn/
scorn表示带着轻蔑看待某人或某事,也可指这种轻蔑的态度、表现,或被轻蔑的对象;作动词时还常表示不屑于接受或去做某事。
💡 记忆钩子
想象一个人抬高下巴、把某物推开:心里的轻蔑是“蔑视”,露出来就是轻蔑的表情或言语,被这样对待的人或事就成了受鄙视的对象;动词则从这种态度自然延伸为“不屑接受”或“不屑去做”。
📝 学习建议
- 先把scorn记成“轻蔑、不屑”,不要笼统地理解成普通的“不喜欢”或单纯的“拒绝”。
- 注意它带有明显的优越感和贬低意味;表示礼貌地拒绝时,通常不宜使用scorn。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 轻蔑;鄙视📖 指把某人或某事看得很低、认为不值得尊重的态度;重点不只是反感,而是带有明显的不屑和优越感。💡 常见结构是“scorn for someone or something”或“show scorn”,表示对某个对象的轻蔑。它通常是不可数名词,不能在一般情况下说“a scorn”来表示这种抽象态度。语气较强,描述正式批评或明显的鄙视时更自然。uncountableShe spoke about the proposal with open scorn.她带着毫不掩饰的轻蔑谈起那项提议。He could not hide his scorn for their excuses.他无法掩饰自己对他们那些借口的鄙视。
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common 轻蔑的表示;侮辱📖 指一次具体表现出来的轻蔑,例如嘲笑、冷落或带有侮辱性的举动,而不是心里抽象的轻蔑态度。💡 常见结构是“a scorn”或复数“scorns”,后面常接描述某次轻蔑举动的成分。这个可数用法比抽象的不可数用法更具体,也较书面。不要把它当作所有普通的“嘲笑”来使用,因为它强调的是轻蔑和贬低。countableHis laugh was a scorn that silenced the whole room.他的笑声带着一阵轻蔑,让整个房间都安静下来。
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common 受鄙视的人或事物📖 指成为别人轻蔑、嘲弄或否定目标的人或事物,也就是“被当作不值得尊重的对象”。💡 常见结构是“be the scorn of someone”或“a scorn to someone”,用来说明谁成了被鄙视的对象。这个用法常带书面或文学色彩,不能把它误解为单纯的“笑柄”。若只想说某人被嘲笑,较普通的表达通常更自然。countableThe dishonest official became the scorn of the town.那个不诚实的官员成了全镇鄙视的对象。
scorns
plural
verb
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core 鄙视;蔑视📖 指以轻蔑的态度看待某人或某事,认为对方不值得尊重;也可以表示把这种轻蔑明确表现出来。💡 常见结构是“scorn someone or something”,直接在动词后接被鄙视的对象。它不是普通的“讨厌”或“不同意”,而是带有强烈的贬低意味。正式评论和文学叙述中较常见,日常对话里使用时语气会显得很重。transitiveThe veteran scorned the new plan as foolish.那位老兵鄙视这个新计划,认为它很愚蠢。She scorns anyone who cheats to get ahead.她鄙视任何靠作弊出人头地的人。
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common 不屑接受;拒绝📖 指因为觉得某个提议、机会或追求不值得接受而拒绝它;这种拒绝包含轻蔑,不是中性的婉拒。💡 常见结构是“scorn an offer”或“scorn someone’s advances”,宾语通常是提议、机会或示好。它强调拒绝者认为对方或所给之物低劣,因此语气明显强于普通的“拒绝”。不要用它来描述出于礼貌、犹豫或实际困难而作出的拒绝。transitiveShe scorned the offer because it came with unfair conditions.她不屑接受那份提议,因为其中附带不公平的条件。
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common 不屑于做📖 指认为某个行为有失身份或太低下,所以不愿意去做;这里轻蔑的对象是这个行为本身。💡 常见结构是“scorn to do something”,后面接动词原形,表示“不屑于做某事”。主语通常把该行为看成不值得自己做,因此这个结构带有自尊或优越感。不要把它理解成单纯的“没有做”或“做不到”。transitiveHe scorned to ask for help, even when he needed it.即使需要帮助,他也不屑于开口求助。
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rare 嘲弄;表示轻蔑📖 指用嘲笑或带刺的话表现轻蔑,是“鄙视”这一核心意思在表达方式上的延伸。💡 常见于较旧或文学性的语境,通常用来描写说话方式或嘲弄行为。现代日常英语中,这个不及物用法不如及物用法常见。不要把它和普通的开玩笑混同,因为它带有贬低对方的意图。intransitive
scorns
present,singular,third-person
scorning
participle,present
scorned
participle,past
scorned
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
reject with contempt
同义词集:
reject
spurn
freeze off
scorn
pooh-pooh
disdain
turn down
She spurned his advances
上位: decline, refuse
下位: rebuff, repel, snub
look down on with disdain;
同义词集:
contemn
despise
scorn
disdain
He despises the people he has to work for
The professor scorns the students who don't catch on immediately
上位: detest, hate
open disrespect for a person or thing
同义词集:
contempt
scorn
上位: discourtesy, disrespect
lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike;
同义词集:
contempt
disdain
scorn
despite
he was held in contempt
the despite in which outsiders were held is legendary
上位: dislike
🌳 词源
动词来自中古英语,源头与古法语词有关;名词也来自古法语。更早的词源可能与“切割”或“污物”有关,但目前并不确定。
Verb from Middle English scornen, schornen, alteration of Old French escharnir, from Vulgar Latin *escarnire, from Proto-West Germanic *skarnijan, possibly from Proto-Germanic *skeraną (“to shear”) (from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”)), or possibly related to *skarną (“dung, filth”) (from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱerd-, *(s)ḱer- (“dung, manure, filth”)). Noun from Old French escarn (cognate with Portuguese escárnio, Spanish escarnio and Italian scherno). Cognate with Middle High German schern (“joke, mockery, scorn”), Old English sċierniċġe (“female entertainer, juggler, actress”).
🔄 变式
scorned
past
scorning
present
scorns
plural
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