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scold
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🇺🇸 /skˈoʊld/
🇬🇧 /ˈskəʊ̯ld/
scold 主要表示生气地责骂、训斥;也可以指爱训人的人,或指鸟发出像责骂一样的刺耳叫声。
💡 记忆钩子
把 scold 想成一阵带着怒气的“责骂声”:人可以生气地训斥别人,爱这样做的人可以被称为爱训人的人,鸟也可能发出像人在责骂一样的刺耳叫声。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握动词“责骂、训斥”的用法;名词义不如动词常见,而且描述女性时可能带有陈旧或贬义色彩。
- 注意不要把 scold 和 scald 混淆:前者与责骂有关,后者与烫伤或把液体加热有关。
📖 中文释义
noun
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rare 爱训人的人📖 指习惯性生气地责骂别人、令人讨厌的人;传统定义常特指这样的女人。💡 常用模式是“a scold”,后面通常不直接接被责骂的人。它是带评价色彩的名词,现代日常英语中不如动词常见;需要表达中性的“爱批评别人的人”时,不宜随意使用这个词。
scolds
plural
verb
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core 生气地责骂📖 指因为不满或认为对方做错了事,而用生气的语气训斥对方。这是 scold 最常见、最值得优先掌握的意思。💡 常见结构是“scold someone”或“scold someone for doing something”。它既可以带宾语,也可以单独说某人在责骂;语气比普通的“批评”更强,不能随意用于温和的建议。ambitransitiveThe teacher scolded me for talking during the test.老师因为我考试时说话而训斥了我。I don't want to scold you, but you need to be more careful.我不想责骂你,但你需要更加小心。
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rare 鸟发出攻击性的刺耳叫声📖 用于鸟类时,指鸟在具有攻击性或受到威胁时发出尖厉、粗哑的叫声,可以看作鸟在用叫声“责骂”对方。💡 常见模式是“a bird scolds”或“scold at another bird”,主语通常是鸟,不能把这个义项自然地用于人的说话声。这个用法主要见于鸟类观察或自然描写,日常对话中较少使用。
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rare 鸟发出像责骂的叫声📖 指鸟发出的叫声听起来像人在责骂别人,重点是声音的相似感,不一定表示鸟真的在攻击。💡 常见模式是“a bird scolds”或“the bird began to scold”,通常出现在描写鸟鸣的语境中。这个用法带有拟人色彩,不能据此认为所有鸟叫都能用 scold 表示。
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rare scald 的误写📖 这是把 scald 误写成 scold 的情况,不是 scold 的独立标准词义;scald 才表示烫伤或用热液体处理。💡 不要把这个项目当作正常用法来记忆或造句。写作时如果想表达“烫伤”或“用热水处理”,应使用 scald,而不是 scold。alt-of misconstruction
scolds
present,singular,third-person
scolding
participle,present
scolded
participle,past
scolded
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 3 组
censure severely or angrily; ;
同义词集:
call on the carpet
take to task
rebuke
rag
trounce
lecture
reprimand
jaw
dress down
call down
scold
chide
berate
bawl out
remonstrate
chew out
chew up
have words
lambaste
lambast
The mother scolded the child for entering a stranger's car
The deputy ragged the Prime Minister
The customer dressed down the waiter for bringing cold soup
上位: criticise, criticize, knock, pick apart
下位: castigate, chasten, chastise, correct, objurgate
show one's unhappiness or critical attitude;
同义词集:
grouch
grumble
scold
He scolded about anything that he thought was wrong
We grumbled about the increased work load
上位: complain, kick, kvetch, plain, quetch, sound off
someone (especially a woman) who annoys people by constantly finding fault
同义词集:
scold
scolder
nag
nagger
common scold
🌳 词源
名词和动词都源自中古英语;词源可能与古诺尔斯语中表示“诗人”的词有关,也可能共同来自原始日耳曼语中表示“责骂”的词。
The noun is from Middle English scold(e), skald(e), first attested in the 12th or 13th century (as scold, scolde, skolde, skald). The verb is from Middle English scolden, first attested in the late 1300s. Most dictionaries derive the verb from the noun and say the noun is probably from Old Norse skald (“poet”) (cognate with Icelandic skáld (“poet, scop”)), as skalds sometimes wrote insulting poems, though another view is that the Norse and English words are cognate to each other and to Old High German skeltan (whence Modern German schelten (“to scold, chide”)), Old Dutch skeldan (whence Modern Dutch schelden (“to scold, berate”)), all inherited from Proto-Germanic *skeldaną (“scold”).
🔄 变式
scolded
past
scolding
present
scolds
plural
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