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rout
★
🇺🇸 /ɹˈaʊt/
🇬🇧 /ɹaʊt/
主要表示彻底击败对手,使其溃败;作名词时指惨败。另有“打鼾、发出轰鸣声”等彼此无关的古旧或方言义,以及表示人群、聚会和翻土搜寻等的少见义。
💡 记忆钩子
核心画面是“把对方打散,造成混乱”:作动词是彻底击败,作名词是这种溃败本身。其他“打鼾、轰鸣”和“翻土搜寻”等义来自不同词源,应分别记忆。
📝 学习建议
- 优先掌握“彻底击败”和“惨败”这一组现代核心义。
- 不要望文生义地把它当作表示普通路线的词;后者是另一个词。
- 表示人群、聚会、翻土或搜寻等义多为古旧、方言或少见用法,阅读古文或方言材料时再辨认。
📖 中文释义
noun
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rare 一群人📖 指聚集在一起的一群人,尤其指陪同某人或一同出行的人;这是古旧用法。countable obsolete
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rare 一群动物📖 指一群活跃、难以控制或属于野生动物的动物,如狼群;这是古旧用法。archaic countable
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rare 杂乱的一堆📖 指彼此杂乱、缺乏秩序的一组事物。countable
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rare 暴徒或乱哄哄的人群📖 指由罪犯、歹徒组成的团伙,也可泛指混乱而喧闹的人群,常含贬义。countable
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rare 大型晚会📖 指旧时上流社会举办的大型晚间社交聚会。countable dated
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rare 骚动或争斗📖 指喧闹的骚动,也可指混乱的争吵或打斗。archaic countable
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rare 非法聚集📖 在历史法律语境中,指三人或以上为实施违法行为而聚集,并已采取相关行动的集合。countable historical
routs
plural
noun
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core 彻底惨败📖 指一方把对手彻底打散,使对方无力组织抵抗并溃败;在体育或政治语境中,也可比喻压倒性的胜利。记住“把对方打散,造成混乱”这个核心画面即可。💡 常用“a complete/total rout”表示彻底惨败,也可说“the rout of the enemy/team”。它多见于新闻、评论和较正式的战争或比赛报道,语气比普通的“失败”强得多;不要用它指任何小幅度的输掉。The home team suffered a complete rout in the final.主队在决赛中遭遇了彻底惨败。The rout of the enemy ended the battle before nightfall.敌军的溃败使战斗在天黑前就结束了。
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rare 溃败中的撤退📖 指敌军或其他对手被打散后仓皇、无组织地撤退,也可指正在这样撤退的队伍;这是古旧而少见的用法。also figuratively
routs
plural
noun
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rare 轰鸣声📖 指海浪、雷声或风等发出的低沉而响亮的轰鸣声,是苏格兰方言义。Scotland
routs
plural
noun
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rare 动物低鸣📖 指牛等动物发出的低沉、持续的叫声,相当于哞叫或吼叫。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland
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rare 大声喊叫📖 指响亮而持续的喊叫、吵嚷或喧哗。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland
routs
plural
noun
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rare 猛烈动作或重击📖 指突然而有力的动作,或沉重得使人发懵的一击。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland archaic
routs
plural
noun
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rare 黑雁📖 指黑雁,一种学名为 Branta bernicla 的雁类;这是地区性且过时的名称。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland obsolete
routs
plural
verb
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rare 聚集成群📖 指人们聚到一起形成一群,可能有秩序,也可能杂乱无章;这是古旧用法。intransitive obsolete
routs
present,singular,third-person
routing
participle,present
routed
participle,past
routed
past
verb
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core 彻底击溃📖 指把敌军、球队或其他对手彻底打散,使其无法保持组织并被迫溃退。记住“把对方打散,造成混乱”的画面,就能和普通的击败区分开。💡 常用结构是“rout an enemy/an army/a team”,被动式“be routed”也很常见。它适合正式报道、体育评论和战争语境,语气很强,通常暗示对手几乎没有还手之力;不要在轻微领先或险胜时使用。transitiveThe underdogs routed the defending champions 4–0.这支不被看好的球队以四比零彻底击溃了卫冕冠军。The army routed its enemy before the city gates.这支军队在城门前彻底击溃了敌军。
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rare 溃退📖 指一方在冲突中自行陷入混乱并撤退,而不是主动把另一方打败;这是古旧的不及物用法。archaic intransitive
routs
present,singular,third-person
routing
participle,present
routed
participle,past
routed
past
verb
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rare 打鼾📖 指发出响亮的鼾声,尤其指睡觉时大声打鼾;这是地区性用法。England intransitive regional
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rare 发出吼声📖 指人或动物发出响亮的声音,如吼叫、咆哮或喷鼻声;这是地区性用法。England intransitive regional
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rare 自然界轰鸣📖 指海、雷或风等发出持续而响亮的轰鸣或呼啸声,是苏格兰的古旧用法。Scotland archaic intransitive
routs
present,singular,third-person
routing
participle,present
routed
participle,past
routed
past
verb
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rare 大声喊出📖 指某人大声说出或喊出某句话或某个内容,是地区性用法。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland transitive
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rare 高声说话📖 指人大声说话、吼叫或持续喊叫,是地区性用法。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland intransitive
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rare 动物大声低鸣📖 指牛等动物大声哞叫或吼叫,是地区性用法。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland intransitive
routs
present,singular,third-person
routing
participle,present
routed
participle,past
routed
past
verb
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rare 翻耕土地📖 指翻动或耕作土地,把土壤翻开,和“把对方打散”的核心画面无关,是另一个地域性词义。💡 常见结构是“rout the soil”或“rout the ground”,后面直接接被翻耕的土地。这个用法带有明显的地区色彩,现代通用英语通常会用表示耕作或翻土的普通词。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland transitive
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rare 翻找并找出;清空📖 通常表示把某处或某物彻底翻找一遍并找到目标,也可以表示把里面的东西全部清空。这里的“彻底翻动”可以帮助你把它和记忆钩子中的混乱画面联系起来。💡 常见结构是“rout something out”或“rout something up”,表示从某处翻找出某物;接表示容器或空间的名词时,也可表示彻底清空。它是地区性用法,不要把它当作普通英语中最自然的“找出”表达。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland transitive
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rare 把人赶出或叫起📖 表示强行让某人离开一个地方,尤其可表示把人从床上叫起来或弄出来。语气通常比普通的“叫某人出来”更强,带有把人从原处弄走的感觉。💡 常见结构是“rout someone from a place”以及“rout someone out of bed”,也常见“rout someone out”或“rout someone up”。这是地区性用法,使用时要明确说明被赶出或被叫出的地点。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland US transitive
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rare 动物拱土觅食📖 主要说猪等动物用鼻子拱开地面寻找食物或其他东西,相当于在土里到处翻找。它描述的是动物的动作,不是人把对手打散的核心义。💡 常见结构是“a pig rout in the ground”或“rout for something”,主语通常是猪等会拱土的动物。这个用法既可带宾语,也可不带宾语,并且带有方言色彩。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland ambitransitive
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rare 用工具挖槽📖 指用凿槽机、挖槽刀等工具从木材、金属或其他表面挖去一部分材料,形成槽或凹处。它是工具加工义,不表示击败或驱散。💡 常见结构是“rout a groove in wood”或“rout material from a surface”,表示从材料表面挖出槽或凹处。这个技术性地区用法需要说明所用材料或工具,不能泛指所有挖掘动作。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland ambitransitive
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rare 翻箱倒柜地搜寻📖 指人把物品、房间或某个地方翻来翻去地搜查,寻找可能藏着的东西。重点在于搜寻过程杂乱而彻底,和记忆钩子中的“造成混乱”有一点联想关系。💡 常见结构是“rout through belongings”或“rout around in a place”,后面通常接被翻找的物品或地点。它是不及物的地区性用法,不能直接把搜寻对象当作宾语而省略介词。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland intransitive
routs
present,singular,third-person
routing
participle,present
routed
participle,past
routed
past
verb
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rare 连根拔起📖 表示把植物从土里连根挖出或拔出,使它不再留在原处。动作带有彻底清除的意味,但这是独立的方言词源义。💡 常见结构是“rout a plant out”或“rout a plant up”,宾语通常是植物、灌木等。这个用法强调连根拔除,不要只把它理解成普通的拔掉地上部分。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland transitive
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rare 找出并清除📖 通常比喻把隐藏的有害事物或不受欢迎的事物找出来并彻底清除。它保留了“翻找后清空”的感觉,但对象可以是问题、习惯或其他抽象事物。💡 常见结构是“rout something out”,something通常指坏习惯、问题或有害因素。这个比喻用法带有地区性,现代通用英语中应避免把它当作最常用的“根除”表达。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland figuratively transitive
routs
present,singular,third-person
routing
participle,present
routed
participle,past
routed
past
verb
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rare 击打;殴打📖 表示用拳脚或其他方式击打、攻击某人或某物,重点是施加打击本身,不一定表示把对方彻底击败。💡 常见结构是“rout someone”或“rout at someone”,根据句子可表示直接殴打或朝某人猛打。这个义项古旧且带方言色彩,现代使用者通常会选择更常见的表示击打或攻击的词。Northern-England Northern-Ireland Scotland ambitransitive archaic
routs
present,singular,third-person
routing
participle,present
routed
participle,past
routed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 6 组
defeat disastrously
同义词集:
spread-eagle
spreadeagle
rout
上位: beat, beat out, crush, shell, trounce, vanquish
cause to flee
同义词集:
rout
rout out
expel
rout out the fighters from their caves
上位: defeat, get the better of, overcome
make a groove in
同义词集:
rout
gouge
上位: core out, hollow, hollow out
dig with the snout
同义词集:
rout
root
rootle
the pig was rooting for truffles
上位: cut into, delve, dig, turn over
an overwhelming defeat
同义词集:
rout
上位: defeat, licking
a disorderly crowd of people
同义词集:
mob
rabble
rout
上位: crowd
🌳 词源
这个词包含多个彼此无关的历史来源:表示溃败的一支与“打破”有关;表示打鼾或轰鸣的几支可能源于拟声;表示翻土的一支与另一个相关词有联系。
The noun is derived from Middle English rout, route (“group of people associated with one another, company; entourage, retinue; army; group of soldiers; group of pirates; large number of people, crowd; throng; group of disreputable people, mob; riot; group of animals; group of objects; proper condition or manner”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman route, rute, Middle French rote, route, Old French rote, route, rute (“group of people, company; group of armed people; group of criminals; group of cattle”) (modern French route (obsolete)), from Latin rupta (compare Late Latin ruta, rutta (“group of marauders; riot; unlawful assembly”)), the feminine of ruptus (“broken; burst, ruptured”), the perfect passive participle of rumpō (“to break, burst, rupture, tear; to force open; (figurative) to annul; to destroy; to interrupt”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break; to tear (up)”). The English word is a doublet of route.
The verb is derived from Middle English routen (“to assemble, congregate; of animals: to herd together; to regroup, make a stand against; to be riotous, to riot”) [and other forms], from rout, route (noun); see above.
🔄 变式
routed
past
routing
present
routs
plural
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