roughly

roughly 是副词，主要表示“粗暴地、不平整地”或“约略地、大概地”，具体含义由语境决定。

💡 记忆钩子

把 roughly 想成“表面不够平整”：对人或事做得不够温和，就是“粗暴地”；形状或分布不平整，就是“不均匀地”；数字不够精确但大致靠近，就是“大约、粗略地”。

📝 学习建议

建议先记住最常见的“大约、约莫”，再把它扩展到“粗暴地”和“不平整地”。
不要把 roughly 一律理解成“粗略地”；看到描述对待人的方式时，常常是在说“粗暴地”。

📖 中文释义

adv

common 粗暴地

📖 表示做某事时缺少温和和体贴，动作或对待方式显得强硬，甚至带有伤害性。它把 rough 的“没有柔和表面”引申到人与人相处的方式上。

💡 常用“treat／handle + 人或物 + roughly”或“deal with + 人 + roughly”。它多描述实际对待方式，语气通常带有负面评价；不要把它误解成单纯的“快速”或“随便”。

The guards treated the prisoners roughly.

守卫们粗暴地对待那些囚犯。
core 不平整地；不均匀地

📖 表示表面、边缘、排列或动作呈现出高低不平、参差不齐的状态，像一条没有被磨平的粗糙表面。

💡 常用“be／look + roughly + 过去分词”或“spread／cut／draw + roughly”等结构。它强调结果或分布不平整、不规则，而不是态度粗暴；修饰抽象计划时也可能表示安排得不够细致。

The paint was applied roughly, so the wall looks uneven.

油漆刷得不均匀，所以墙面看起来凹凸不平。
core 大约；约略地

📖 表示数字、数量、时间或分类只是大致估计，并非精确数值；它保留了 rough 的“边缘不平、细节未定”的感觉。

💡 常放在数字、数量或时间表达之前，也可放在句中修饰整个判断，如“roughly + 数字”。它比精确报数更宽松，但不是随意猜测；在正式说明中也很常见，只要上下文接受约数即可。

Roughly fifty people attended the meeting.

大约有五十人参加了会议。

roughlier comparative more roughly comparative roughliest superlative most roughly superlative

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 3 组

(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

同义词集: approximately about close to just about some roughly more or less around or so

lasted approximately an hour

in just about a minute

he's about 30 years old

I've had about all I can stand

we meet about once a month

some forty people came

weighs around a hundred pounds

roughly $3,000

holds 3 gallons, more or less

20 or so people were at the party

with rough motion as over a rough surface

同义词集: roughly rough

ride rough

with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly');

同义词集: roughly rough

he was pushed roughly aside

they treated him rough

🌳 词源

由 rough 加副词后缀 -ly 构成。

English rough Proto-Indo-European *leyg-der. Proto-Germanic *līkąder. Proto-Germanic *-līkaz Proto-Germanic *-ê Proto-Germanic *-līkê Proto-West Germanic *-līkē Old English -līċe Middle English -ly English -ly English roughly From rough + -ly.

🔄 变式

more roughly compar most roughly superl roughlier compar roughliest superl

🏷 单词标签 & 词根