risk

risk 主要表示“风险、危险性”，既可以指发生不利结果的可能性，也可以指可能造成损失的对象或事件；作动词时表示“冒险做某事”或“使某事受到损害”。此外，risk 还可作姓氏。

💡 记忆钩子

把 risk 想成站在悬崖边：一方面是掉下去的可能性和可能造成的损失，另一方面是那个可能带来麻烦的人或事；你主动靠近悬崖，就是在 risk 做某事，也可能 risk 自己的未来。

📝 学习建议

先掌握名词“风险、危险”和动词“冒险、使……面临风险”这条主线，再学习金融、保险等专业用法。
不要把 risk 只理解成“危险”；它也强调不利结果发生的可能性，或结果一旦发生时损失有多大。

📖 中文释义

name

rare 姓氏

📖 Risk 也可以是英语姓氏，此时不是“风险”的普通名词。

Risks plural

noun

core 不利结果的可能性

📖 risk 是某个决定或事件带来坏结果的可能性，例如受伤、失败或被捕的可能。它不表示坏结果一定会发生。

💡 常用“risk of + 动名词或名词”表示面临什么风险，也可用“there is a risk of ...”。这里通常不说“risk to do”，而说“risk of doing”；risk 作一般概念时通常不可数。

uncountable

There is a serious risk of flooding after the storm.

暴风雨过后，发生洪水的风险很高。

The risk of injury is greater on icy roads.

在结冰的道路上受伤的风险更大。
core 可能的损失程度

📖 risk 也可以强调坏结果一旦发生会造成多大损失；可能性不变时，损失越大，整体风险通常越高。

💡 常与“high risk”“greater risk”“reduce the risk”搭配，用来谈损失或后果的严重程度。它仍通常是不可数名词；若要数具体危险事件，改用可数的“a risk”。

uncountable

The company accepted the risk of losing a large amount of money.

这家公司接受了可能损失一大笔钱的风险。
common 按可能性和损失综合评估的风险

📖 在科学、工程和商业分析中，risk 可以指把事件发生的可能性与发生后的损失结合起来评估的风险值。

💡 常见于“assess risk”“calculate risk”“risk level”等正式或专业表达。这里的 risk 通常不可数；日常交流中不必强行使用这个精确的技术定义。

uncountable

The engineers assessed the risk before approving the design.

工程师在批准这项设计前评估了风险。
common 具体的危险事件

📖 a risk 可以指一个可能发生的具体坏事或危险，例如暗杀、事故或严重损害。

💡 常用“a risk”或“the risk of ...”指某个具体危险，也可说“pose a risk”表示“构成风险”。不要在表示一般风险概念时随意加 a。

countable

Leaving the door unlocked is a risk to everyone in the building.

不锁门会给楼里所有人带来风险。
common 保险或商业中的风险

📖 在保险和商业语境中，risk 可以指可能发生并造成赔付、损失或其他不利后果的事件或情况。

💡 常与“insurance risk”“manage risk”“cover a risk”等搭配，语气通常较正式。根据是否指某一类具体风险，可以用 a risk，也可以把 risk 当不可数概念使用。

countable uncountable

The insurer will examine the risks before offering coverage.

保险公司会在提供保险保障前检查这些风险。
common 可能带来不利后果的人或事物

📖 risk 还可以指一个人或一件事本身，因为它可能造成危险、损害或麻烦而被视为风险来源。

💡 常见结构是“a risk to + 人或事物”以及“a big risk”。这种用法把风险具体化为一个对象，通常使用可数形式；不要误解为这个人或物本身一定有害。

countable

The damaged bridge is a serious risk to local drivers.

这座受损的桥对当地司机来说是一个严重的风险。
common 金融机构眼中的风险对象

📖 在银行和金融业中，risk 可以指一个客户、借款人或投资对象，重点是评估它造成财务损失的可能性。

💡 常见于“a good risk”“a poor risk”等评价表达，属于金融或商业语境。这里的 good risk 不是“没有风险”，而是“相对值得接受、违约或造成损失的可能性较低”。

countable uncountable

The bank considered the small company a good risk.

银行认为这家小公司是一个值得接受的低风险对象。

risks plural

verb

core 冒着……的风险

📖 risk 表示明知某个坏结果可能发生，仍做某事，因此冒着受伤、失败或其他不利后果的风险。

💡 用“risk + 名词”或“risk + 动名词”，例如“risk injury”和“risk losing money”。不要在 risk 后接不定式；若主语是人，通常表示他主动承担这种可能性。

transitive

You risk losing your job if you ignore the safety rules.

如果你无视安全规定，就有可能丢掉工作。

They risked their lives to rescue the climber.

他们冒着生命危险营救那名登山者。
core 使……面临损害

📖 risk 也表示某个行动可能损害或危及某人、某物，重点是把原本拥有的安全、机会或未来置于危险之中。

💡 常用“risk + 名词”或“risk + 名词 + doing”，如“risk his future”和“risk the project failing”。这里的宾语通常是被危及的人、事物或利益，不要只把它译成“冒险”。

transitive

She refused to risk her children's safety for a shortcut.

她不愿为了走近路而拿孩子们的安全冒险。
common 冒险提出或尝试

📖 risk 后面也可以接一个说话或行动，表示说话人知道自己可能判断错误，却仍冒险提出或尝试它。

💡 常见结构是“risk + 动名词”，尤其用于“risk saying/suggesting/asking ...”。这种用法常带有谨慎或自我保留的语气，不能简单理解成“承担物理危险”。

transitive

I will risk making a suggestion: we should leave early.

我冒险提个建议：我们应该早点出发。

risks present,singular,third-person risking participle,present risked participle,past risked past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 6 组

a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury;

同义词集: risk peril danger

he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime

there was a danger he would do the wrong thing

上位: venture 下位: chance, gamble

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

同义词集: gamble chance risk hazard take chances adventure run a risk take a chance

When you buy these stocks you are gambling

上位: assay, attempt, essay, seek, try

expose to a chance of loss or damage; ;

同义词集: risk put on the line lay on the line

We risked losing a lot of money in this venture

Why risk your life?

She laid her job on the line when she told the boss that he was wrong

上位: assay, attempt, essay, seek, try 下位: adventure, hazard, jeopardize, stake, venture

the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent

同义词集: risk risk of exposure

上位: chance, probability

the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred

同义词集: risk risk of infection

上位: chance, probability

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

同义词集: hazard jeopardy peril risk endangerment

drinking alcohol is a health hazard

上位: danger

🌳 词源

名词和动词源自中古法语，最终与意大利语中表示“风险、冒险”的词有关；更早的词源尚有争议。作姓氏时，现有资料未提供明确词源。

Proto-Italic *wre- Latin re- Proto-Indo-European *sek-der. Proto-Italic *sekaō Latin seco Latin resecōdeverb. Vulgar Latin *resecum Old Italian riscobor. ▲ Old Italian risco Italian rischio Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Italian -are Italian rischiarebor. Middle French risquebor. English risque English risk From earlier risque, from Middle French risque, from Old Italian risco (“risk”) (modern Italian rischio) and rischiare (“to run into danger”). Displaced native Old English pleoh (“risk”) and plēon (“to risk”). Speculation on earlier roots Most dictionaries consider the etymology of these Italian terms uncertain, but some suggest they perhaps come from Vulgar Latin *resecum (“that which cuts, rock, crag”) (> Medieval Latin resicu), from Latin resecō (“cut off, loose, curtail”, verb), in the sense of that which is a danger to boating or shipping; or from Ancient Greek ῥιζικόν (rhizikón, “root, radical, hazard”). A few dictionaries express more certainty. Collins says the Italian risco comes from Ancient Greek ῥίζα (rhíza, “cliff”) due to the hazards of sailing along rocky coasts. The American Heritage says it probably comes from Byzantine Greek ῥιζικό, ριζικό (rhizikó, rizikó, “sustenance obtained by a soldier through his own initiative, fortune”), from Arabic رِزْق (rizq, “sustenance, that which God allots”), from Classical Syriac ܪܘܙܝܩܐ ,ܪܙܩܐ (rezqā, rōzīqā, “daily ration”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (rōzīg) (whence Classical Persian روزِی (rōzī)), from Middle Persian [script needed] (rōz, “day”) (whence Classical Persian روز (rōz)), from Old Persian 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐏃 (raučah) (cognate with Sanskrit रोचस् (rocas, “light, lustre”)), from Proto-Iranian *ráwčah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwčas, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *léwk-os, from *lewk- (“bright; to shine”) + *-os (noun suffix). Karla Mallette derives the word from Arabic رِزْق (rizq, “sustenance, that which God allots”) via Sabir. Cognate with Spanish riesgo, Portuguese risco

🔄 变式

risked past risking present Risks plural

🏷 单词标签 & 词根