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retire
★★★
🇺🇸 /ɹɪtˈaɪɹ/
🇬🇧 /ɹɪˈtaɪə/
主要表示“退回、退出或停止继续参与”,常见于退休、退役、撤退以及停止使用等语境。
💡 记忆钩子
把 retire 想成“往后拉开”:人往后退,就可以退出工作而退休、退出比赛而退役,也可以退到安静处休息;物品或货币被往后撤,则是不再使用或退出流通。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“退休”和“从某处退开、退到某处”这两条主线,再学习运动、货币和设备等专门用法。
- 不要把它只理解成“退休”;在表示退回或暂离时,通常不是停止工作。
📖 中文释义
noun
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rare 退隐状态📖 指退隐或退休这一行为,或已经退隐的状态;这是动词“退开、退出”名词化后的意思。rare
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common 退隐处📖 指一个人退开后待着的安静地方,例如隐居处或私人休息处。💡 常见结构是“a retire”或“one’s retire”,但这种用法偏旧式或文学化。日常表达地点时通常直接说房间、住所或隐居处,而不单独使用这个名词。The old writer found a quiet retire in the hills.那位老作家在山中找到了一处安静的隐居地。
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rare 撤退号令📖 旧式军事语境中,指号角发出的“撤退”信号,提醒士兵向后退。💡 通常只见于历史叙述或军事文学中。现代日常英语不把它当作普通的“撤退”名词使用。dated
retires
plural
verb
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core 退休📖 指通常因年老或身体原因永久停止工作,就像从职业生活中退开。💡 常用结构是“retire from 工作”或直接说“retire”。它通常指永久离开工作岗位,不要用它表示短暂请假或下班。intransitiveMy father plans to retire next year.我父亲计划明年退休。She retired from teaching at sixty-five.她六十五岁时从教师岗位上退休了。
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common 退役📖 指运动员停止参加职业比赛或正式体育活动,相当于从运动生涯中退出。💡 常用结构是“retire from 某项运动”或“retire at the end of the season”。它强调结束运动生涯,不只是某一场比赛不上场。intransitiveThe champion retired from tennis after the season.这位冠军赛季结束后退出了网球赛场。
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common 撤到一旁📖 指把自己或他人带到较隐蔽、安静的地方,也就是从原来的公开位置退开。💡 常见结构是“retire to 地点”,也可见较正式的“retire oneself to 地点”。后一种结构不适合随意用于普通口语,日常通常直接说 go to 或 withdraw to。reflexive sometimes transitiveAfter dinner, we retired to the library.晚饭后,我们退到书房去了。
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common 停止使用📖 指正式让设备、车辆、船只等不再继续使用,相当于把它们从工作岗位上撤下。💡 常用结构是“retire 物品”或“be retired”。主语通常是机构或设备,而不是表示设备自己主动决定停止工作;日常谈普通物品时可改用 take out of service。transitiveThe airline retired its oldest planes.这家航空公司淘汰了最老的几架飞机。
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common 退出流通并兑付📖 指把货币、债券等从市场或流通中撤出,通常意味着收回并完成支付。💡 常见结构是“retire notes、bonds 或 debt”。这是金融语境中的及物用法,不要按普通“退休”理解,也不要把它误当作发行货币。transitiveThe bank retired the old notes after the redesign.银行在重新设计钞票后收回了旧钞。
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common 使退役📖 指正式决定某人不再适合现役或积极工作,并把他列为退役人员。💡 常用结构是“retire 某人”或“be retired from active service”,语气正式。它表示由机构作出安排,不等于这个人自己主动退休。transitiveThe army retired the officer after his injury.那名军官受伤后,军方让他退役了。
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rare 击球员主动离场📖 在板球中,击球员尚未被判出局就主动停止击球,让下一名击球员上场。💡 只用于板球比赛,常见结构是“retire in favour of 某人”。不要把这里的 retire 泛化为所有运动中的普通退役。intransitive
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rare 使击球员出局📖 在棒球中,指通过接杀、封杀或三振等方式使击球员或跑垒员出局,也可指结束一队进攻回合。💡 通常结构是“retire 某名球员”,属于棒球术语。日常英语中不要用它代替普通的 make someone leave。transitive
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core 退到某处📖 指离开原来的公开或活动场所,退回某处或进入私人空间;这是“向后拉开”这一核心意思的直接延伸。💡 常用结构是“retire to 地点”,尤其用于较正式或文学化的叙述。若只是普通地说“去某处”,go to 更自然;这里强调退离人群或活动。intransitiveHe retired to his room to read.他回到自己的房间去读书。The guests retired to the garden after lunch.午饭后,客人们退到花园去了。
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common 撤退避险📖 指从战斗、危险或喧闹活动中向后撤,以确保安全或获得休息。💡 常见结构是“retire from 战斗或危险”以及“retire before/after 某事”。这个用法比 retreat 更正式或更文学化,军事新闻中尤其常见。intransitiveThe soldiers retired from the battlefield before nightfall.士兵们在天黑前撤离了战场。
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rare 向后凹退📖 指海岸、边界或表面向后退去或弯入,就像某个边缘被向后拉开。💡 通常用于描述地形或形状,常接 into 等介词。它偏书面,不能随意用来表示人撤退。intransitive
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common 就寝📖 指在一天结束时退去睡觉,也就是离开公共活动进入休息状态。💡 常见结构是“retire for the night”或“retire to bed”。这是正式、礼貌或旧式说法,日常口语通常说 go to bed;不要理解成永久退休。intransitiveWe retired for the night after the long journey.长途旅行后,我们就寝休息了。
retires
present,singular,third-person
retiring
participle,present
retired
participle,past
retired
past
verb
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rare 给车辆换新胎📖 在美国英语中,指给车辆安装新的轮胎;这个意思与“退回、退出”没有直接关系,是较独立的行业用法。💡 常用结构是“retire 车辆”,但只在美国英语的汽车语境中使用。不要把它和普通的“退休”或“让车辆退役”混淆。US transitive
retires
present,singular,third-person
retiring
participle,present
retired
participle,past
retired
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 11 组
prepare for sleep;
同义词集:
go to bed
turn in
bed
crawl in
kip down
hit the hay
hit the sack
sack out
go to sleep
retire
I usually turn in at midnight
He goes to bed at the crack of dawn
反义: arise, get up, rise, turn out, uprise
cause to get out;
同义词集:
retire
strike out
The pitcher retired three batters
the runner was put out at third base
cause to be out on a fielding play
同义词集:
put out
retire
上位: diddle, fiddle, play, toy
lose interest
同义词集:
retire
withdraw
he retired from life when his wife died
上位: fatigue, jade, pall, tire, weary
pull back or move away or backward;
同义词集:
withdraw
retreat
pull away
draw back
recede
pull back
retire
move back
The enemy withdrew
The limo pulled away from the curb
反义: advance, go on, march on, move on, pass on, progress
上位: go, locomote, move, travel
下位: retreat, retrograde
dispose of (something no longer useful or needed)
同义词集:
retire
She finally retired that old coat
上位: cast aside, cast away, cast out, chuck out, discard, dispose, fling, put away, throw away, throw out, toss, toss away, toss out
go into retirement; stop performing one's work or withdraw from one's position
同义词集:
retire
He retired at age 68
上位: leave office, quit, resign, step down
下位: bow out, withdraw
withdraw from active participation
同义词集:
retire
withdraw
He retired from chess
上位: cease, discontinue, give up, lay off, quit, stop
make (someone) retire
同义词集:
retire
The director was retired after the scandal
上位: can, dismiss, displace, fire, force out, give notice, give the axe, give the sack, sack, send away, terminate
break from a meeting or gathering;
同义词集:
adjourn
withdraw
retire
We adjourned for lunch
The men retired to the library
上位: close, close down, close up, fold, shut down
withdraw from circulation or from the market, as of bills, shares, and bonds
同义词集:
retire
上位: recall
🌳 词源
源自中古法语 retirer,含有“向后拉、拉回”的意思;现代英语中也可看作 re-(再、向后)加 tire。
From Middle French retirer (“draw back”), from Old French retirer, built from re- (“back”) + tirer (“draw, pull”), the latter from Vulgar Latin *tīrāre, of highly uncertain origin.
🔄 变式
retired
past
retires
plural
retiring
present
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