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restrain
★★
🇺🇸 /ɹistɹˈeɪn/
restrain 主要表示“控制、克制,使某事物不失控”,也可表示限制行动或剥夺自由;另有一个少见的词义是“再次过滤”。
💡 记忆钩子
把一股想冲出去的力量用绳子拉住:可以拉住情绪、行为或危险,使它受到控制;绳子拉得更紧,就是限制行动,甚至不让人自由行动。另一个少见词义则是把液体“再过滤一次”。
📝 学习建议
- 不要把 restrain 只理解成“阻止”;它常强调把已经存在的冲动、力量或行动控制在范围内。
- 先掌握“控制情绪或行为”和“限制行动”两个核心用法,再记住“剥夺自由”这一较具体的用法;“再次过滤”是独立且少见的词义。
📖 中文释义
verb
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core 控制;克制📖 指把情绪、冲动、行为或某种力量压住,使它不继续失控,就像用绳子拉住向前冲的东西。💡 常用“restrain + 情绪、冲动、行为”或“restrain oneself”表示控制自己。它强调已经有一种想释放或扩大的力量,而不是单纯提出禁止。中文学习者容易把它和表示“忍受”的词混淆,但 restrain 不表示被动承受。transitiveShe struggled to restrain her anger during the meeting.她努力控制住自己在会议上的怒气。He could barely restrain himself from laughing.他几乎忍不住要笑出来。
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common 剥夺自由;把人束缚住📖 指用实际措施把人牢牢控制住,不让其自由行动,像用绳子或其他束缚物把人固定住。💡 常用“restrain someone”或“be restrained”描述医护、执法或紧急情况下对人的身体控制。被动形式很常见,因为重点通常是某人受到束缚,而不是谁主动束缚他。不要把它泛泛译成“限制”,在这个词义下通常涉及行动自由被直接剥夺。transitiveThe security guards restrained the man until the police arrived.保安制服并控制住那名男子,直到警察赶到。
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common 限制;使受到约束📖 指把行动、范围或发展空间压缩到一定界限内,不一定完全阻止,就像把绳子收紧后只能在小范围内活动。💡 常用“restrain + 行动、发展、范围”或“be restrained by + 约束因素”。这个词义比“剥夺自由”更宽,可以用于规则、条件或物理装置造成的限制。中文学习者要注意,它不一定表示彻底禁止,往往只是让某事不能随意进行。transitiveStrict safety rules restrained the team from taking unnecessary risks.严格的安全规定限制了团队承担不必要风险的行为。
restrains
present,singular,third-person
restraining
participle,present
restrained
participle,past
restrained
past
verb
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rare 再次过滤📖 指把已经过滤过的液体再过滤一次;可以把它记成“重新把液体拉过筛网”,但这是很少见的词义。💡 通常用“restrain + 液体”作及物结构,出现在食谱或技术说明中。这个用法很少见,现代读者更可能把 restrain 理解为“控制”或“限制”。不要在普通对话中用它表示一般的过滤。transitive
restrains
present,singular,third-person
restraining
participle,present
restrained
participle,past
restrained
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
prevent the action or expression of; ;
同义词集:
restrain
keep
keep back
hold back
hold back your anger
keep your cool
she struggled to restrain her impatience at the delays
下位: baffle, blink, blink away, check, confine, contain, control, curb, harness, hold, hold in, moderate, regulate, rein, rule, swallow, wink
restrict (someone or something) so as to make free movement difficult
同义词集:
restrain
encumber
cumber
上位: bound, confine, limit, restrict, throttle, trammel
下位: bridle, clog, curb
to close within bounds, or otherwise limit or deprive of free movement; ; ;
同义词集:
restrain
confine
hold
constrain
This holds the local until the express passengers change trains
About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade
The illegal immigrants were held at a detention center
The terrorists held the journalists for ransom
上位: disable, disenable, incapacitate
下位: bind, fold, ground, impound, pen up, pound, pound up, tie down, tie up, truss
prevent (someone or something) from doing something
同义词集:
restrain
security guards restrained the reporter from throwing another shoe
上位: keep, prevent
🌳 词源
主要源自中古英语和古法语,最终与拉丁语中“系紧、收紧”有关;另有一条词源分析认为它由 re- 和 strain 构成。
From Middle English restreinen, from Old French restreindre, from Latin rēstringere (“fasten, tighten”).
🔄 变式
restrained
past
restraining
present
restrains
present
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