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resist

★★★
🇺🇸 /ɹɪzˈɪst/ 🇬🇧 /ɹɪˈzɪst/
noun 编号: R01635 牛津3000 BNC #2415 COCA #2470
resist 的核心意思是“站住并顶住”:可以指主动反抗某种行动,也可以指经受住力量、影响或诱惑;作名词时指起保护作用的涂层或覆盖物。
💡 记忆钩子
把 resist 想成“站在原地不让步”:面对攻击、压力或诱惑时主动顶回去,是“反抗”;即使力量作用过来仍不被改变,是“抵挡、经受住”。由此还可引申为覆盖在表面的保护层,而古旧用法则是某事物让人感到厌恶、难以下咽。
📝 学习建议
  • 先掌握动词的两个核心方向:主动对抗某事,以及经受住某事;不要把所有情况都笼统理解成“拒绝”。
  • 它常与诱惑、压力、变化等抽象事物连用,学习时注意根据语境区分“反抗”与“抵挡”。
📖 中文释义
noun
  • rare 保护涂层
    📖 指覆盖在表面、使某部分不受化学作用或其他处理影响的保护层;它体现了“站在外面挡住作用”的核心画面。
    💡 常用结构是“a resist coating”或“use resist on a surface”,多见于材料和工艺说明。这一用法很专业,不能按普通语境理解成“抵抗行为”。
    countable uncountable
resists plural
verb
  • core 反抗;对抗
    📖 指主动设法阻止某人的行动或某件事的影响,不接受对方强加的结果;重点在于“顶回去、不给它得逞”。
    💡 常用结构是“resist + 人、行动或影响”,也可说“resist pressure”或“resist an attempt”。它比单纯的“不同意”更有对抗意味,通常需要直接宾语;不要误把它当作只表示礼貌拒绝的词。
    transitive
    The workers resisted the company's attempt to cut their pay.
    工人们抵制公司削减他们工资的企图。
    She resisted pressure from her friends to leave school.
    她顶住了朋友让她退学的压力。
  • core 抵挡;经受住
    📖 指某人或某物承受住外来的力量、影响或诱惑而没有被改变或压垮;这里更强调“扛得住”,不一定有主动反击。
    💡 常用结构是“resist + 力量、影响、诱惑或疾病”等名词,也常说“resist the temptation to do something”。和表示主动对抗的用法相比,这一用法更突出承受能力;不要因为宾语是抽象名词就误判为“拒绝”。
    transitive
    The bridge was built to resist strong winds and earthquakes.
    这座桥建造时考虑了抵御强风和地震。
    I couldn't resist the temptation to check my phone.
    我抵挡不住诱惑,还是查看了手机。
  • common 反对;拒绝接受
    📖 指不愿接受某个提议、要求或安排,态度上明确不让步;它是“站住不接受”这一核心意思在日常互动中的用法。
    💡 常用结构是“resist + 提议、改变或要求”,也可单独使用表示拒不接受,但现代英语中及物用法更常见。这个词比“say no”正式、坚定一些;不要把它误解为一定发生了肢体冲突。
    intransitive
    Many residents resisted the plan to build a new road.
    许多居民反对修建新道路的计划。
  • rare 使人厌恶
    📖 古旧用法,指某种食物或事物让人感到反感、不想接受,可看作“身体或感官在抗拒它”。
    💡 通常只在古典或历史文本中出现,现代英语里几乎不用。不要把它与常见的“抵抗、反抗”用法混用。
    obsolete transitive
resists present,singular,third-person resisting participle,present resisted participle,past resisted past resist first-person,present,singular resisted first-person,past,singular resist present,second-person,singular resistest archaic,present,second-person,singular resisted past,second-person,singular resistedst archaic,past,second-person,singular resisteth archaic,present,singular,third-person resisted past,singular,third-person resist plural,present resisted past,plural resist present,subjunctive resisted past,subjunctive resist imperative,present - imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 6 组
withstand the force of something; ;
同义词集: resist stand fend
The trees resisted her
stand the test of time
The mountain climbers had to fend against the ice and snow
上位: defend, fight, fight back, fight down, oppose
stand up or offer resistance to somebody or something
同义词集: resist hold out withstand stand firm
反义: give up, surrender 上位: defend, fight, fight back, fight down, oppose 下位: defy, hold, hold up, remain firm, stand, withstand
express opposition through action or words
同义词集: protest resist dissent
dissent to the laws of the country
上位: contradict, controvert, oppose 下位: arise, demonstrate, march, rebel, renegade, rise, rise up, strike, walk out
refuse to comply
同义词集: resist balk baulk jib
上位: disobey
elude, especially in a baffling way
同义词集: defy resist refuse
This behavior defies explanation
反义: apply, lend oneself 上位: elude, escape 下位: beggar
resist immunologically the introduction of some foreign tissue or organ
同义词集: resist reject refuse
His body rejected the liver of the donor
上位: react, respond
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语,词根含有“使站立”的意思,因此逐渐形成“站住、顶住、不让步”的核心概念。
From Middle English resisten, from Middle French resister and Old French resistre, and their source, Latin resistere, from re- + sistere (“cause to stand”).
🔄 变式
- imperat resisted 1st_sg resistedst archaic resistest archaic resisteth archaic resisting present resists plural
🏷 单词标签 & 词根