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report

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🇺🇸 /ɹipˈɔɹt/ 🇬🇧 /ɹɪˈpɔːt/

noun 编号: R01526 牛津3000 BNC #276 COCA #450

report 的核心意思是“把信息带回来并传给别人”：它可以指一份报道或报告，也可以表示叙述、通报、举报，以及在组织中向某人汇报或受其领导。

💡 记忆钩子

把 report 想成“把消息带回来”：带回来的消息可以整理成一份“报告”，也可以直接“叙述”或“通报”事情；在公司里，把工作消息带给上级就是向他汇报，因此也表示“向某人负责、受某人领导”。

📝 学习建议

先掌握名词“报告、报道”和动词“报告、汇报、举报”这条主线，再学习较正式或专业的用法。
不要把 report 一律理解成“报告文件”；它也常表示口头或书面的“报道、叙述”，而 report someone 通常带有向权威人士举报或投诉的意味。

📖 中文释义

noun

core 报告；报道

📖 指对某件事、某个情况或一段事件作出的说明，可以是正式文件，也可以是新闻报道或口头叙述。它的共同点是把已经了解的信息整理后传给别人。

💡 常用结构是“a report on/about + 主题”和“a report by + 作者或机构”。说“一份报告”通常用 a report，谈新闻报道时也常用 news report；不要把 report 只限于学校或公司的书面文件。

The company released a report on its plans for the next year.

这家公司发布了一份关于明年计划的报告。

The evening news included a report on the storm.

晚间新闻播出了一则关于这场暴风雨的报道。
common 名声；口碑

📖 指别人对某人的评价或传开的名声，尤其用于评价一个人的品行、可靠程度等。

💡 常见搭配是 good report、bad report 和 have a good report。这个意思较正式，也常带有文学或宗教色彩；日常口语谈“名声”时 reputation 往往更自然。

She has a good report among her colleagues.

她在同事中口碑很好。
common 枪声；爆炸声

📖 指枪开火或爆炸发出的短促而响亮的声音，是“发出一声巨响”的具体声音名词。

💡 常见结构是“the report of + 枪声或爆炸声”，也可以说 hear a report。这个意思多见于军事、新闻、工程或文学语境；日常谈枪声通常更常用 gunshot。

A loud report came from the building next door.

隔壁大楼里传来一声巨响。
common 直接下属

📖 在公司层级中，指直接向某位经理汇报工作的员工，也就是该经理负责管理的下属。

💡 最常见的搭配是 direct report，通常用于职场和管理语境。说某人是某人的下属时用 a direct report；不要把它误解为“直接提交的报告”。

Each manager has five direct reports.

每位经理都有五名直接下属。

reports plural

verb

core 叙述；报道

📖 指把发生过的事情、观察到的情况或事件细节讲述或写出来。它就像把消息带回来，再传给听众、读者或有关人员。

💡 常用结构是 report that + 从句、report on + 主题，或 report something；新闻记者也可以 report from + 地点。不要在普通表达中把 report 当成单纯的 say，因为 report 往往带有整理、转述或正式传达信息的意味。

intransitive transitive

The researchers reported that the treatment had improved patients' sleep.

研究人员报告说，这种治疗改善了患者的睡眠。

The journalist reported on the election from the capital.

这名记者从首都报道了这次选举。
core 转述；传达

📖 指把自己听到的消息、别人说的话或某项信息再传给第三方，重点在于把消息继续传递下去。

💡 常用结构是 report something to someone 和 report that + 从句；转述具体内容时 report 后面可以直接接名词或从句。这个意思不一定表示消息已经核实，所以不要自动把 report 理解成“证实”。

transitive

Several passengers reported the problem to the station staff.

几名乘客把这个问题告诉了车站工作人员。
rare 求助；诉诸

📖 这是过时的反身用法，表示把自己交托给某人或某种权威来寻求指导、支持或裁决。

💡 通常出现在古旧文本中，常见形式是 report oneself to someone。现代英语中不要用它表示普通的“报告”或“求助”。

obsolete reflexive
core 报告；举报

📖 指把事故、犯罪、损失、可疑行为等正式告知有关人员或机构，使其能够处理。它仍然保留“把消息传回权威部门”的核心画面。

💡 常用结构是 report something to the police、report a problem to someone，以及 report someone for doing something。涉及违法、危险或违规行为时通常带正式色彩；不要漏掉 to，因为 report the police 通常不是“向警方报告”。

formal transitive

Please report any suspicious activity to the security desk.

如发现任何可疑活动，请向保安台报告。

He reported the stolen bicycle to the police.

他向警方报告了自行车被盗的情况。
common 投诉；告发

📖 指正式向有权处理的人投诉某人的行为，通常希望对方受到提醒、处罚或调查。

💡 常用结构是 report someone to the boss、report someone for doing something。它比 tell someone 更正式，而且通常暗含对不当行为的投诉；不要把 report you to someone 误解为“替你写报告”。

transitive

If he keeps disturbing the class, I will report him to the teacher.

如果他继续扰乱课堂，我就要向老师投诉他。
common 报到；到场

📖 指在规定的时间到指定地点出现，向负责人表明自己已经到达或开始履行任务。

💡 常用结构是 report to + 地点或负责人，常见于工作、军队、值班和正式安排。这里通常不接宾语表示“报告某事”；说 report for duty 则是“报到履职”。

intransitive

All new employees must report to the main office at nine.

所有新员工都必须在九点到总办公室报到。
common 采访报道

📖 指记者为报纸、电视、网站等媒体采集并撰写新闻，或负责报道某个事件、地区或领域。

💡 常用结构是 report for + 媒体、report on + 主题，或 report from + 地点。主语通常是记者或媒体；不要把“报道某事”机械地说成 report about，on 往往更自然。

ambitransitive

She reports for a local newspaper.

她为一家地方报纸做新闻报道。
core 向……汇报；受……领导

📖 指在组织层级中向某人负责、接受其指示，并定期把工作进展传达给对方。这里的“传回信息”发展成了固定的上下级关系。

💡 固定结构是 report to + 上级或部门，通常不用被动形式来表达普通的上下级关系。它既可以表示“向某人汇报”，也可以表示“由某人管理”；不要把 report to the manager 只理解为一次性提交文件。

intransitive

I report directly to the head of the department.

我直接向部门主管汇报。

The engineers report to the project manager.

这些工程师受项目经理领导。
rare 正式提交调查结果

📖 指委员会或其他正式机构对交办的议案、调查或问题作出官方结论或提交处理结果。

💡 多见于政府、议会和法律文件，常与 bill、inquiry 或 findings 连用。这个用法较旧且正式，日常英语通常改用 submit a report 或 present its findings。

dated
common 记录发言；做会议记录

📖 指把演讲、会议或公共机构的发言和 proceedings 按照听到的内容记录下来，供之后查阅或发表。

💡 常用结构是 report a speech、report the proceedings，或 report what someone said。这个用法主要用于新闻、会议记录和正式场合；日常记笔记更常说 take notes。

A court reporter recorded every word spoken during the trial.

法庭记录员记录了审判期间说出的每一句话。
rare 提及；请参阅

📖 这是过时用法，表示把读者或听者引向另一个来源，让其在那里查阅相关内容。

💡 主要出现在古旧书面语中，现代英语通常用 refer someone to 或 direct someone to。不要把现代的 report to 与这个过时意思混为一谈。

obsolete
rare 回响；重复声音

📖 这是过时且少见的用法，指声音被传回、重复或回荡，仍可看作“把声音传回来”。

💡 现代英语中通常用 echo、resound 或 reverberate 表达。这个意思不用于普通的“报道”或“报告”。

ambitransitive obsolete rare
rare 返航；返回港口

📖 这是航海用法，指船返回原来的港口或再次进入港口。

💡 只在航海语境中使用，通常与 port 连用；现代一般表达会用 return to port 或 come back into port。不要把它与 re-port（重新报告）混淆。

reports present,singular,third-person reporting participle,present reported participle,past reported past report first-person,present,singular reported first-person,past,singular report present,second-person,singular reportest archaic,present,second-person,singular reported past,second-person,singular reportedst archaic,past,second-person,singular reporteth archaic,present,singular,third-person reported past,singular,third-person report plural,present reported past,plural report present,subjunctive reported past,subjunctive report imperative,present - imperative,past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 13 组

to give an account or representation of in words

同义词集: report describe account

Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental

上位: inform

make known to the authorities

同义词集: report

One student reported the other to the principal

上位: inform

complain about; make a charge against

同义词集: report

I reported her to the supervisor

上位: complain, kick, kvetch, plain, quetch, sound off

announce one's presence

同义词集: report

I report to work every day at 9 o'clock

上位: announce, denote

announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding;

同义词集: report

Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city

The team reported significant advances in their research

上位: announce, denote

be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism;

同义词集: report cover

Snow reported on China in the 1950's

The cub reporter covered New York City

上位: inform

the general estimation that the public has for a person;

同义词集: reputation report

he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing

he was a person of bad report

上位: estimate, estimation

an essay (especially one written as an assignment)

同义词集: composition paper report theme

he got an A on his composition

上位: essay

a short account of the news; ;

同义词集: report news report story account write up

the report of his speech

the story was on the 11 o'clock news

the account of his speech that was given on the evening news made the governor furious

上位: news 下位: bulletin, communique, despatch, dispatch, exclusive, newsletter, newssheet, scoop

the act of informing by verbal report;

同义词集: report account

he heard reports that they were causing trouble

by all accounts they were a happy couple

上位: informing, making known 下位: anecdote, comment, gossip, narration, recital, scuttlebutt, yarn

a written document describing the findings of some individual or group

同义词集: report study written report

this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale

上位: document, papers, written document 下位: assay

a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment

同义词集: report card report

his father signed his report card

上位: info, information

a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing)

同义词集: report

they heard a violent report followed by silence

上位: noise

🌳 词源

源自拉丁语，原义与“带回、返回、传回”有关，后来发展出“传达消息、报告”的意思。

From Middle English reporten, from Anglo-Norman reporter, from Latin reportāre (“to carry back, return, remit, refer”), from re- + portāre.

🔄 变式

- imperat reported 1st_sg reportedst archaic reportest archaic reporteth archaic reporting present reports plural

🏷 单词标签 & 词根