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recognize
★★★★
🇺🇸 /ɹˈɛkʌɡnˌaɪz/
recognize 的核心是把眼前的人或事物重新对上心里的判断:可以是认出、承认其有效,也可以是认定某种性质,或正式表示肯定。
💡 记忆钩子
想象你把眼前的对象与心里的“标签”重新对上:对上人脸,就是“认出”;对上法律或事实,就是“承认有效”;对上某种性质,就是“认定为”;把功劳也郑重贴上标签,就是“表彰”。在医学里,免疫系统也会把特定抗原对上自己的识别标签。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“认出”和“承认有效”这两个核心义项,再扩展到“认定为”和“正式表彰”。
- 不要把 recognize 一律理解成中文的“认识”;它常指当场辨认出来,也常指承认某事成立。表示“意识到”时,要结合上下文判断是否接近“发现、看出”。
📖 中文释义
verb
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core 认出;辨认出📖 把眼前的人或事物同以前见过、听过或接触过的记忆对上,从而认出它是谁或是什么。💡 常用结构是 recognize 人、脸、声音或地点,后面直接接被认出的对象。它强调“辨认出来”的瞬间,不只是长期知道某人存在;描述过去发生的辨认时,常用一般过去时。不要把它简单当作“认识”,因为初次见面或泛指熟悉通常不是这个用法。British English Oxford US transitiveI recognized her voice before I saw her face.我还没看见她的脸,就先听出了她的声音。He recognized the street from an old photograph.他从一张老照片中认出了那条街。
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core 承认有效;承认其合法地位📖 不只是看见某事存在,而是正式接受它的存在、合法性或有效性,常用于国家、政府、证件、规则和权利等。💡 常用结构是 recognize 国家、政府、权利或协议,表示正式承认其地位;也可用被动结构表示“得到承认”。这个用法比日常的“认出”更正式,新闻、法律和政治语境尤其常见。不要把宾语理解成一个需要辨认的人,而要看它是否涉及资格、合法性或有效性。British English Oxford US transitiveThe court recognized the validity of the agreement.法院承认这份协议有效。
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core 认定为;承认具有某种性质📖 把某人或某事看作具有某种明确的性质或身份,常常是经过判断后承认这一点。💡 最常见的结构是 recognize 人或事物 as 名词或形容词,也可以接 that 从句。as 后面通常说明被认定的身份、性质或评价,不要漏掉 as 而误用成直接宾语。该结构既可用于正式判断,也可用于普通谈话中的评价。British English Oxford US transitiveShe is widely recognized as an expert in child development.她被广泛认为是儿童发展领域的专家。
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common 看出;意识到📖 通过观察或思考弄清某事物的性质、问题或重要性,相当于把原本不清楚的“标签”辨认出来。💡 常用结构是 recognize 问题、危险、机会或重要性,也可接 that 从句说明后来意识到的内容。这个用法常译为“看出、意识到”,但仍带有辨认出某种性质的意味。与 realize 相比,recognize 更突出辨认或确认一个对象、特征或事实。British English Oxford US transitiveWe soon recognized the danger of driving in the storm.我们很快意识到在暴风雨中开车很危险。
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common 表彰;正式肯定📖 通过奖项、证书、公开称赞等方式,正式表示某人的贡献或成就值得肯定。💡 常用结构是 recognize 人 for 贡献,也可以说某人的工作得到 recognize 或得到正式表彰。这里通常需要奖项、仪式或公开肯定等正式方式,不只是私下说一句“做得好”。不要把它误解为单纯“认出获奖者”。British English Oxford US transitiveThe organization recognized her for ten years of volunteer work.该组织表彰了她十年的志愿服务。
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rare 重新审查📖 过时用法,指把某件事再次拿出来检查或审阅,可以看作“重新对标签进行核对”。British English Oxford US obsolete
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rare 侦察📖 过时用法,指事先查看和侦察地形或敌情,和现代核心的“辨认”只有很远的联系。British English Oxford US obsolete
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rare 识别特定抗原📖 免疫学中,指抗体或其他免疫成分能够与特定抗原对应并结合的能力。💡 这是医学和免疫学中的专业用法,常见结构是某种抗体或受体 recognize 某种抗原。日常交流中不要用它替代“认出某个人”,翻译时通常根据上下文译为“识别”或“特异性识别”。British English Oxford US
recognizes
present,singular,third-person
recognizing
participle,present
recognized
participle,past
recognized
past
verb
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core 再次辨认📖 强调重新把眼前对象同已有认识对应起来,现代英语中与前一组的“认出、辨认出”是同一个核心用法。💡 沿用 recognize 人或事物的结构,直接接被辨认出的对象。学习时把它和“记忆中的标签重新对上”联系起来即可,不要把这一词源分组当成另一个需要单独掌握的现代义项。British English North-American Oxford UK USI recognized the old house immediately.我立刻认出了那栋老房子。
recognizes
present,singular,third-person
recognizing
participle,present
recognized
participle,past
recognized
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 9 组
accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority;
同义词集:
acknowledge
recognize
recognise
know
The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne
We do not recognize your gods
上位: accept
perceive to be the same
同义词集:
recognize
recognise
上位: call back, call up, recall, recollect, remember, retrieve, think
下位: identify
be fully aware or cognizant of
同义词集:
recognize
recognise
realize
realise
agnize
agnise
上位: cognise, cognize, know
下位: know
express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for
同义词集:
acknowledge
recognize
recognise
We must acknowledge the kindness she showed towards us
上位: give thanks, thank
下位: appreciate
express greetings upon meeting someone
同义词集:
greet
recognize
recognise
上位: accost, address, come up to
下位: bid, bob, curtsy, hail, herald, present, receive, salute, welcome, wish
detect with the senses;
同义词集:
spot
recognize
recognise
distinguish
discern
pick out
make out
tell apart
The fleeing convicts were picked out of the darkness by the watchful prison guards
I can't make out the faces in this photograph
下位: discriminate, resolve
grant credentials to;
同义词集:
accredit
recognize
recognise
The Regents officially recognized the new educational institution
recognize an academic degree
上位: certify, licence, license
show approval or appreciation of;
同义词集:
recognize
recognise
My work is not recognized by anybody!
The best student was recognized by the Dean
上位: appreciate, prize, treasure, value
下位: honor, honour, reward
exhibit recognition for (an antigen or a substrate)
同义词集:
recognize
上位: be
🌳 词源
源自中古法语,经古法语追溯到拉丁语;现代词也常分析为 re-(再次)加 cognize(认识)。
Borrowed from Middle French reconoistre, from Old French reconoistre, from Latin recognoscere, first attested in the 16th century. Displaced native English acknow (“to recognize, perceive as”), compare German erkennen and Swedish erkänna. Latin had rare recognizare (“to try by jury”).
🔄 变式
recognized
past
recognizes
present
recognizing
present
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