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reason
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /ɹˈizʌn/
reason 主要表示“原因、理由”,也表示运用理性思考、推理和论证;作动词时指推理、讨论或用道理说服。
💡 记忆钩子
把 reason 想成一条“从事实走向结论的路”:路的起点是事情发生的原因,沿路用理性思考和论证,最后得出结论或说服别人。由此,名词表示“原因、理由”和“理性”,动词表示“推理、讲道理、说服”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“原因”和“理由”这两个核心义,再学习“推理、讲道理、说服”的动词用法;数学中的“比率”以及建筑义属于边缘用法。
- 不要把 reason 只理解成“理由”:在“理性思考”或作动词时,它强调思考和论证的过程。
📖 中文释义
name
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rare 姓氏📖 Reason 是英语姓氏,不是普通名词“原因”的特殊用法。💡 用于姓名位置,通常首字母大写,并和名字一起使用。不要因为它的拼写和普通词相同,就把人名中的 Reason 自动理解成“原因”。
Reasons
plural
noun
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core 原因;理由📖 导致某件事发生或使某种决定成立的依据,就是 reason。它既可以指客观原因,也可以指人给出的解释或理由。💡 常用“the reason for + 名词”或“the reason why + 从句”,也常说“the reason is that + 从句”。不要在正式表达中把表示原因的结构随意重复成“the reason is because”;口语中虽常听到,但学习时优先使用更清楚的结构。countable uncountableThe reason this tree fell is that its roots had rotted.这棵树倒下的原因是它的根已经腐烂了。She gave no reason for leaving early.她没有说明提前离开的理由。
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core 理性;推理能力📖 reason 也指人理解、判断、推导和形成结论的理性能力,也就是“用道理思考”的能力。💡 表示这种抽象能力时通常用作不可数名词,常和“运用、依靠、胜过情绪”等意思搭配。不要把它误解成某一个具体理由;具体理由通常要用可数的“a reason”。uncountableGood decisions require reason as well as experience.好的决定既需要理性,也需要经验。Fear made it difficult for him to use reason.恐惧使他难以保持理性思考。
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rare 合理性;公正📖 在旧式或文学语境中,reason 可表示某件事符合道理、合理或公正的程度。💡 这种用法现在很少见,主要出现在历史文本或文学作品中。现代英语通常改用表示“合理性、公平或正当理由”的更具体词语。countable obsolete uncountable
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rare 比率;比例📖 在旧式数学语境中,reason 指两个量相互比较所得的比例,即一个量和另一个量的关系。💡 现代数学英语通常使用表示“比率、比例”的专门词;遇到这个义项时要结合数学上下文判断,不要把普通的“原因”义带入。countable obsolete uncountable
reasons
plural
noun
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rare 墙板构件📖 在建筑术语中,reason 指支撑或连接墙体结构的墙托、墙板一类构件。💡 这是非常少见的建筑义,通常作专业名词使用。日常阅读中看到 reason 时,除非上下文明确谈论建筑构件,否则应优先判断为“原因”或“理性”。
reasons
plural
verb
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core 推理得出结论📖 reason 表示根据已有事实和信息进行理性思考,逐步得出结论。它就是把“原因和证据”沿着思考的路连接到结论上。💡 常用“reason from + 信息或事实”以及“reason that + 从句”。不要把它当作及物动词直接接一个普通名词表示“思考某物”;表示思考某个问题时,通常使用其他更自然的动词或补足结构。intransitiveWe reasoned from the evidence that the door had been opened earlier.我们根据证据推断门之前已经被打开过。She reasoned that taking the train would be faster.她推断坐火车会更快。
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core 论证;讲道理📖 reason 也表示通过演绎或归纳提出理由,支持自己的观点,或用道理反驳别人。💡 常见“reason with + 人”或“reason about + 主题”;表示从某个事实出发时用“reason from”。它比普通的“讨论”更强调依据、逻辑和结论,不能只用于没有论据的闲聊。intransitiveYou cannot reason with someone who refuses to listen.对一个拒绝倾听的人,你没法讲道理。The lawyer reasoned carefully from the available facts.律师根据现有事实进行了严密论证。
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rare 交谈;交换意见📖 在旧式英语中,reason 可单纯表示交谈或交换看法,仍保留“通过谈话讲道理”的影子。💡 现代英语中这种不强调论证的用法已经过时。遇到历史文本时不要误译成现代常见的“推理”,应根据上下文理解为交谈或商议。intransitive obsolete
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common 讨论;辩论📖 reason 可表示把支持或反对某事的理由摆出来,和别人讨论或辩论某个问题。💡 常用“reason with + 人 + about + 事情”,也可把讨论对象直接放在动词后面。这个用法比“reason with someone”更正式、更强调论据;不要把它简单当作表示一般聊天的动词。ambitransitiveI reasoned the matter with my colleague before making a decision.作出决定前,我和同事讨论了这件事。
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rare 为请求提供理由📖 在少数正式或旧式用法中,reason 可表示用理由支持一个请求或要求。💡 这是罕见的及物用法,现代英语通常会说“给请求说明理由”或“为请求辩护”。学习时不要把普通的“提出请求”直接套用这个动词结构。rare transitive
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common 用道理说服📖 reason 可表示通过解释和论证改变某人的看法或决定,把对方说服到某个立场,或使其放弃某个计划。💡 常用“reason someone into + 名词或动名词”表示说服某人接受某事,用“reason someone out of + 名词或动名词”表示劝某人放弃某事。这里的宾语是被说服的人,不是理由本身。transitiveHer friends reasoned her out of quitting her job.她的朋友们用道理劝她不要辞职。
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rare 用理由压制📖 在固定的旧式表达中,reason down 表示用理性理由压住或克服某种强烈情绪、冲动或欲望。💡 通常出现在“reason down + 情绪或冲动”这类结构中,现代英语并不常用。不要把 down 理解成单纯的方向词;整个短语才表示用道理使某种情绪减弱。transitive with-down
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common 推导;解释📖 reason 可表示通过逻辑过程找出某事的原因,或用论据解释、证明某个结论。💡 常用“reason out + 问题或原因”,表示经过推理弄清楚或解决;也可用“reason why + 从句”说明推理出的原因。不要把它和单纯猜测混同,这个用法通常暗含有步骤的逻辑分析。transitive usuallyThe researchers reasoned out why the machine had stopped.研究人员通过推理找出了机器停止运转的原因。
reasons
present,singular,third-person
reasoning
participle,present
reasoned
participle,past
reasoned
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 9 组
think logically
同义词集:
reason
The children must learn to reason
上位: cerebrate, cogitate, think
下位: calculate, categorise, categorize, cipher, compute, cypher, figure, reckon, speculate, work out
decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion
同义词集:
reason
reason out
conclude
We reasoned that it was cheaper to rent than to buy a house
上位: cerebrate, cogitate, think
下位: deduce, deduct, derive, extrapolate, feel, find, gather, generalise, generalize, induce, infer
present reasons and arguments
同义词集:
argue
reason
上位: lay out, present, represent
下位: defend, fend for, support
the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination
同义词集:
reason
understanding
intellect
we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
上位: faculty, mental faculty, module
a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion
同义词集:
reason
there is reason to believe he is lying
上位: fact
下位: indication
an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon
同义词集:
reason
the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
上位: account, explanation
a justification for something existing or happening;
同义词集:
cause
reason
grounds
he had no cause to complain
they had good reason to rejoice
上位: justification
a rational motive for a belief or action;
同义词集:
reason
ground
the reason that war was declared
the grounds for their declaration
下位: account, occasion, score, wherefore, why
the state of having good sense and sound judgment;
同义词集:
rationality
reason
reasonableness
his rationality may have been impaired
he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
上位: saneness, sanity
🌳 词源
常用的“原因、理性、推理”义来自中古英语,经古法语和拉丁语词源发展而来,和表示“比例”的词有同源关系;建筑义则来自另一条表示“房屋构件”的古英语词源。
From Middle English resoun, reson, from Anglo-Norman raisun (Old French raison), from Latin ratiō, from ratus, past participle of reor (“reckon”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁- (“to think”), reanalysed root of *h₂er- (“to put together”). Displaced native Middle English reden (found in compounds), from Old English rǣden (“condition, stipulation, calculation, direction”), from the same Proto-Indo-European source (compare West Frisian reden (“reason”), Dutch reden (“reason”)). Doublet of ration and ratio.
🔄 变式
reasoned
past
reasoning
present
Reasons
plural
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