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rash
★★
🇺🇸 /ɹˈæʃ/
🇬🇧 /ɹæʃ/
rash 主要有两个现代常用义：形容人或行为“轻率、鲁莽”，以及名词“皮疹”。此外还有“突然大量出现”的比喻义；其他词性和词义多为历史或方言用法。
💡 记忆钩子
把 rash 想成“突然冲出来”：人没想清楚就冲动行事，是“轻率、鲁莽”；皮肤上突然冒出一片红点，是“皮疹”；类似地，问题或事件突然成片出现，就有“突然大量出现”的比喻义。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握形容词“轻率、鲁莽”和名词“皮疹”，再学习名词的比喻义；古旧或方言动词义在现代英语中通常不需要主动使用。
- 不要把 rash 只理解成“匆忙”：它通常还带有“没有充分考虑后果、不够谨慎”的意味。
📖 中文释义
adj
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core 轻率的；鲁莽的📖 形容人在没有认真考虑风险和后果时就做决定、说话或行动。核心不是单纯“快”，而是因为过于冲动而显得不谨慎。💡 常用搭配是 rash decision、rash action、rash statement，也可用 be rash to do something。它通常修饰决定、行为、言论等，带明显的负面评价。中文学习者容易把它误译成单纯的“迅速”，但涉及判断时应译为“轻率”或“鲁莽”。It was rash of him to quit his job without having another one lined up.他还没有找到下一份工作就辞职，实在太轻率了。She regretted making such a rash decision.她后悔做出了这样鲁莽的决定。
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rare 谷粒易脱落的📖 古旧或地方用法，形容玉米等谷物太干，轻轻一碰谷粒就会从穗上掉下来。Northern-England archaic
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rare 紧迫的📖 古旧用法，表示事情迫切到需要立刻处理；可以看作“突然冲来、催人马上行动”的旧引申义。obsolete rare
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rare 见效迅速而强烈的📖 古旧用法，形容某种作用发生得很快并且力量很强。obsolete rare
rasher
comparative
rashest
superlative
adv
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rare 轻率地；匆忙地📖 表示做事时过于匆忙、没有充分考虑，含义对应现代常用的 rashly。💡 现代用法通常采用 rashly + 动词，或用 in a rash manner；单独用 rash 作副词主要见于古旧文本。不要因为形容词可以说 rash decision，就直接把 rash 放在现代动词后当副词。archaic
more rash
comparative
most rash
superlative
name
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common 姓氏📖 rash 也可以是英语姓氏的一部分或完整姓氏，具体含义通常不从普通词义推断。💡 作姓氏时写作大写的 Rash，常放在名字之后，如某人的姓。它不是描述性形容词，不应按“鲁莽的”翻译。Dr. Rash will speak at the meeting this afternoon.拉什医生今天下午将在会议上发言。
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rare 一个地区名称的缩略语📖 在语言学或相关学术资料中，RASH 可作为 Raja Ampat–South Halmahera 的首字母缩略语。💡 这种写法通常全大写，只在专业资料中出现；第一次使用时往往需要给出全称或上下文说明。不要把它和普通小写单词 rash 混读。abbreviation acronym alt-of
noun
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core 皮疹；红疹📖 皮肤受到过敏、刺激或其他因素影响后，出现一片发红、发炎的斑点或小疙瘩，有时还会充满液体或脓。这里的 rash 是皮肤上突然冒出的一片异常痕迹。💡 常见模式是 have/get a rash on + 身体部位，或 come out in a rash；描述原因时常接 from 或 because of。它是可数名词，通常说 a rash，不要误把它当作不可数名词。不要把 rash 和 bruise 混淆，前者通常指成片的皮肤炎症或红疹。I got a red rash on my arms after using the new soap.我用了这种新肥皂后，手臂上起了红疹。The doctor said the rash was probably caused by an allergy.医生说这种皮疹可能是过敏引起的。
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common 一片零散分布的东西📖 把皮疹成片、零散散布的样子借来比喻其他物体或现象分散出现在某个地方。💡 常用模式是 a rash of + 物体复数，或 a rash of + 地点中的现象；它比单纯的 group 或 collection 更强调零散、突然铺开。这个义项常见于新闻和描述性文字，通常带有略微负面的色彩。figurativelyA rash of small tents appeared along the beach overnight.一夜之间，海滩沿岸出现了许多零散的小帐篷。
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common 突然大量出现；一连串📖 表示某类问题、犯罪、事故或其他事件在短时间内接连发生，就像皮疹突然成片冒出来一样。💡 最典型的结构是 a rash of + 复数事件名词，如 a rash of thefts 或 a rash of accidents。这个表达常用于新闻报道和正式叙述，通常描述令人担忧或不受欢迎的事情。不要把它理解成“一个皮疹事件”，这里指的是一连串同类事件。figurativelyThe town has seen a rash of car thefts this month.这个镇本月发生了多起汽车盗窃案。
rashes
plural
noun
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rare 一种平滑织物📖 历史上指用丝、精纺毛纱或两者混纺制成的平滑布料，常被当作较便宜的丝绸替代品。historical uncountable
noun
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rare 轻微的噼啪声；沙沙声📖 指柔和、连续的布料摩擦声或类似的轻微噼啪声，可以看作声音突然细碎地冒出来。obsolete
rashes
plural
verb
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rare 用力推向📖 古旧苏格兰用法，表示把人或物猛力推向某个方向。Scotland archaic obsolete transitive
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rare 猛力打碎📖 古旧苏格兰用法，表示用很大力量把东西打破或砸碎。Scotland archaic obsolete transitive
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rare 匆忙发出📖 古旧苏格兰用法，表示仓促地发出或释放某物。Scotland archaic obsolete transitive
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rare 匆忙拼凑📖 古旧苏格兰用法，通常与 up 连用，表示仓促准备或临时拼凑出某物。Scotland archaic obsolete rare transitive
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rare 猛冲；疾奔📖 古旧苏格兰用法，表示突然、迅猛地移动，可以看作“冲出来”的动词义。Scotland archaic intransitive obsolete
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rare 重重落下📖 古旧苏格兰用法，表示物体或雨水猛烈地落下。Scotland archaic intransitive obsolete
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rare 撞击📖 古旧苏格兰用法，表示撞上或击中某物。Scotland archaic intransitive obsolete
rashes
present,singular,third-person
rashing
participle,present
rashed
participle,past
rashed
past
verb
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rare 猛拉；撕下📖 表示以暴力或突然的动作把某物拔出、拉走或撕开，是“猛然冲动”这一核心图像在动作上的延伸。Scotland archaic obsolete transitive
rashes
present,singular,third-person
rashing
participle,present
rashed
participle,past
rashed
past
verb
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rare 砍；劈；切📖 古旧苏格兰用法，表示用刀或其他锋利物猛烈地砍、劈或切开某物。Scotland archaic obsolete transitive
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rare 刮掉；抹去📖 古旧苏格兰用法，通常与 out 连用，表示刮擦某物或把某内容彻底抹除。Scotland archaic obsolete rare transitive
rashes
present,singular,third-person
rashing
participle,present
rashed
participle,past
rashed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences; ; -Macaulay;
同义词集:
foolhardy
heady
rash
reckless
foolhardy enough to try to seize the gun from the hijacker
became the fiercest and most reckless of partisans
a reckless driver
a rash attempt to climb Mount Everest
近似: bold
imprudently incurring risk; - George Meredith
同义词集:
rash
do something rash that he will forever repent
a series of unexpected and unpleasant occurrences;
同义词集:
rash
blizzard
a rash of bank robberies
a blizzard of lawsuits
上位: series
any red eruption of the skin
同义词集:
rash
roseola
efflorescence
skin rash
上位: eruption
下位: hives, nettle rash, urticaria, urtication
🌳 词源
形容词和副词与表示“快速、急促”的古日耳曼词源有关；表示“皮疹”的名词则来自表示“抓、刮”的古法语词源。不同词性之间不一定同源。
Uncertain; the word is similar to other words from Germanic or Romance languages listed in the table below, but the connection between the English word and those words is unclear. One suggestion is that they ultimately derive from the town of Arras in France, known for its cloth and wool industries (whence arras (“tapestry, wall hanging”)); compare German Rasch (“lightly woven silk or (usually) worsted fabric”) (said to be from Middle High German arrasch (“arras”), and ultimately from the name of the town), and the obsolete names for the fabric, Catalan drap de arraz, drap d'Arraç, Spanish paño de ras (literally “cloth of Arras”). The Oxford English Dictionary states that even if rash did not originally derive from Arras, the name of the town could have influenced the English word.
possible cognates
* Catalan ras (“smooth fabric woven from silk”) (also raç (obsolete))
* Danish rask (“thin, coarse woollen cloth usually made from worsted”) (also rasch (obsolete), derived from German)
* Dutch ras (“woven silk or (usually) worsted fabric”) (also rasch (obsolete, rare), rass (obsolete))
* Middle French ras (modern French ras (“various types of short-nap cloth”))
* German Rasch, Low German Rasch (“lightly woven silk or (usually) worsted fabric”) (archaic or historical)
* Italian raso (“smooth fabric woven from silk”), rascia (“serge”)
* Late Latin rasum (“some form of fabric”), pannus rasus (“satin”)
* Old Occitan ras (modern Occitan ras (“smooth fabric woven from silk”); also rac (obsolete))
* Spanish raso (“smooth fabric woven from silk; other types of fabric”)
* Swedish rask (“thin woollen cloth usually made from worsted; similar cloth made from silk”) (also rasch (archaic), rass (obsolete))
🔄 变式
more rash
compar
most rash
superl
rashed
past
rasher
compar
rashes
plural
rashest
superl
rashing
present
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