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quarrel
★★
🇺🇸 /kwˈɔɹʌl/
🇬🇧 /ˈkwɒɹ(ə)l/
主要指激烈的争吵或争执,也可作动词表示争吵、闹翻;另有几个历史上的建筑和武器义项。
💡 记忆钩子
把它先记成“带着不满吵起来”:人与人发生争吵,就是 quarrel;这种争吵也可以留下“过不去的地方”,所以名词还能表示不满或争议。另有一条独立的历史线索:古义指弩箭或方形建筑部件,可用“争吵”与“方形物件”两条线分开记,不必强行合并。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握现代英语中最常见的名词和不及物动词义项,再把历史建筑、武器义项作为阅读中的识别项。
- 不要把 quarrel 只理解成一般的“谈论分歧”;它通常带有不满、冲突或关系恶化的色彩。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 争吵;争执📖 指带有火气的口头争吵,通常是两个人或几个人因为某件事吵起来,而不只是平静地表达不同意见。这是现代英语中最值得优先掌握的名词义。💡 常用结构是 have a quarrel with someone、get into a quarrel about something,或 a quarrel between two people。它是可数名词,表示一次争吵时要有 a、the 或其他限定词。语气通常比 disagreement 更冲突,但不一定严重到肢体冲突。countableWe had a quarrel about who should pay the bill.我们因为谁该付账吵了一架。Their small quarrel ended when both of them apologized.他们的小争吵在双方道歉后结束了。
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common 不满;争议;过节📖 表示某人对某件事或某个人心里有不满,认为存在值得抱怨或反对的地方。它仍然保留“争吵留下一个过不去的地方”这条记忆线,但重点不在争吵过程本身。💡 常见结构是 have a quarrel with someone over/about something,或 have no quarrel with something。后一个结构常用于说明“对某事没有意见”,语气可以很正式或带有辩论色彩。不要把 have a quarrel with 机械地理解为每次都已经发生过激烈争吵,要结合上下文判断是具体争执还是长期不满。countableI have no quarrel with the plan, but we need more time.我对这个计划没有意见,但我们需要更多时间。
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rare 好争吵;爱挑衅📖 指一个人容易争吵、总想找麻烦的性情,是从“争吵”这个核心义抽象出来的旧式用法,现代日常英语中很少单独这样使用。💡 通常出现在古旧或文学语境中,常见于 be full of quarrel 一类表达。现代英语一般改用 quarrelsome 或 argumentative,而不把 quarrel 当作普通不可数名词来表示这种性格。学习时认出它即可,不必主动仿用。rare uncountable
quarrels
plural
noun
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rare 弩箭📖 历史上指弩发射的箭,箭头传统上可呈方形。这是与“争吵”无关的古老武器义。💡 只在中世纪武器、历史文学或古典文本中出现,通常与弩、盔甲或战斗描写连用。它是可数名词,现代英语中一般用更常见的 bolt 表示弩箭。不要根据现代常用义把它理解为一场争吵。countable historical
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rare 菱形或方形窗格玻璃📖 指组成格子窗的一小块菱形或方形玻璃,属于历史建筑词汇。可以把它和记忆中的“方形物件”联系起来。💡 通常只在建筑史或古建筑说明中使用,并常与窗格、铅条等建筑词汇连用。现代英语一般直接说 pane 或 piece of glass。它不是现代住宅中普通窗玻璃的日常称呼。countable
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rare 方砖;采石场砖📖 指方形铺地砖,也可以集合地指这类砖。它延续了“方形小物件”这条历史词源线。💡 主要见于英国北部方言或建筑史语境,通常与地面、铺设或砖材搭配。现代英语一般说 square tile、floor tile 或 quarry tile。不要把它和表示争吵的普通名词义混用。Northern-England countable
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rare 方头切削工具📖 历史上指末端呈菱形或方形的切削工具或凿子,是已经过时的专业义项。💡 只在旧工艺、工具史或词源资料中使用,现代英语不会把它当作普通工具名称。遇到这个义项时,应依靠工具和加工语境识别,而不要套用现代“争吵”义。countable obsolete rare
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rare 窗饰中的小方孔📖 指哥特式等窗饰结构中的小方形开口,是历史建筑术语。💡 通常只与窗饰、石雕或建筑史说明连用,属于过时的专业用法。现代英语多用 opening、panel 或更具体的建筑术语说明。它不适合日常谈论普通窗户。countable obsolete
quarrels
plural
verb
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core 争吵;闹翻📖 指激烈地争论、吵架,甚至因此不再友好。它就是“带着不满吵起来”这条核心记忆在线动词中的展开。💡 常用结构是 quarrel with someone、quarrel about something 或 quarrel over something。它通常是不及物动词,不能说 quarrel someone 来表示“和某人吵架”;需要用 with 连接对方。表示一次已经发生的争吵时,过去式常与 yesterday、last night 等时间词连用。also figuratively intransitiveThe two brothers often quarrel over the television remote.这两兄弟经常为了电视遥控器吵架。She quarreled with her friend and left the party early.她和朋友吵了一架,早早离开了聚会。
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common 挑剔;对某事不满📖 表示对某种处境或安排挑毛病、觉得不满意,是从“找理由争执”发展出来的用法。它常常不是和某个人直接吵架,而是对某件事表示不服。💡 常见结构是 quarrel with something,尤其用于抽象事物,如 one's lot、the decision 或 the result。这里的 with 不能省略,且语气通常比 complain 更书面或更有辩论感。不要把它误解为单纯的“讨论某事”。intransitiveHe never quarrels with his lot and always looks for a solution.他从不抱怨自己的处境,总是在寻找解决办法。
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rare 对……表示异议或见怪📖 旧式用法,表示因某事不同意或觉得受到冒犯,和核心的“不满并引发争执”相连。💡 通常见于过时文本,常跟 at 连用;现代英语一般用 object to、take offense at 或 disagree with。不要把这种 at 结构当作现代英语中最自然的表达。学习重点是阅读识别,而不是主动使用。intransitive obsolete
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rare 与某人争吵📖 指把某人作为争吵对象,属于过时或苏格兰英语用法,本质上仍是“和人发生争执”。💡 现代标准英语通常用 quarrel with someone,而不是直接把人作宾语。这个及物用法主要出现在旧文本或苏格兰语境中,学习时应把它识别为特殊用法。日常表达不要照搬。transitive
quarrels
present,singular,third-person
quarreling
US,participle,present
quarrelling
UK,participle,present
quarreled
US,participle,past
quarreled
US,past
quarrelled
UK,participle,past
quarrelled
UK,past
quarrel
first-person,present,singular
quarrelled
first-person,past,singular
quarrel
present,second-person,singular
quarrelest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
quarrellest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
quarrelled
past,second-person,singular
quarrelledst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
quarreleth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
quarrelleth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
quarrelled
past,singular,third-person
quarrel
plural,present
quarrelled
past,plural
quarrel
present,subjunctive
quarrelled
past,subjunctive
quarrel
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
quarrelling
participle,present
quarrelled
participle,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 3 组
have a disagreement over something;
同义词集:
quarrel
dispute
scrap
argufy
altercate
We quarreled over the question as to who discovered America
These two fellows are always scrapping over something
上位: argue, contend, debate, fence
下位: brawl, spat, wrangle
an arrow that is shot from a crossbow; has a head with four edges
同义词集:
quarrel
上位: arrow
an angry dispute;
同义词集:
quarrel
wrangle
row
words
run-in
dustup
they had a quarrel
they had words
上位: conflict, difference, difference of opinion, dispute
下位: affray, altercation, bicker, bickering, bust-up, fracas, fuss, pettifoggery, spat, squabble, tiff
🌳 词源
现代“争吵”义来自表示抱怨、争执的拉丁词源;历史上的“弩箭、方形物件”义则来自表示“四”和“方形”的另一条词源线。
PIE word
*kʷetwóres
From Middle English quarrel (“bolt for an arbalest, crossbow, or siege engine; (figurative) seductive glance, temptation to sin; needle (possibly one square in cross-section); small (perhaps square-shaped) opening in window tracery; a cushion (perhaps square-shaped)”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman quarel, quarele, quarrel, Middle French quarrel, and Old French quarel, quarrel, carrel (“crossbow bolt; floor tile or paving stone (rectangular- or square-shaped); small glass pane for windows”) (modern French carreau (“crossbow bolt; a tile; windowpane; a square”)), from Late Latin quarellus, quadrellus (“crossbow bolt; paving stone; a tile”), from Latin quadrum (“a square; square section; regular shape or form”) + -ellus (variant of -ulus (suffix forming diminutive nouns, indicating small size or youth)). Quadrum is ultimately derived from quattuor (“four”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres (“four”). Doublet of carreau.
🔄 变式
-
imperat
quarreled
past
quarrelest
archaic
quarreleth
archaic
quarreling
present
quarrelled
1st_sg
quarrelledst
archaic
quarrellest
archaic
quarrelleth
archaic
quarrelling
present
quarrels
plural
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