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quality

★★★★
🇺🇸 /kwˈɑlʌti/ 🇬🇧 /ˈkwɒlɪti/
adj 编号: Q00081 牛津3000 BNC #536 COCA #764
quality 主要表示“质量、品质”,也可作定语表示“优质的”;还可指事物或人的特征,以及少数专业或历史语境中的特定含义。
💡 记忆钩子
把 quality 想成给东西或人“定性、评等级”:先看它做得好不好,就是“质量、品质”;再看它有什么独特之处,就是“特征、品格”;放到专业语境中,还可以表示某种特定比例或检查项目。
📝 学习建议
  • 先掌握名词“质量、品质”和形容词“优质的”这两个核心义项,再学习“特征”义及专业义。
  • 不要把 quality 只理解成“数量”;它通常评价的是好坏、水平或性质,而不是有多少。
📖 中文释义
adj
  • core 优质的
    📖 表示某物做得好、可靠、适合其用途,整体水平较高。它把名词直接标记为值得信赖或品质好的东西。
    💡 常用模式是 quality + 名词,如 quality products 或 quality service。它多作前置定语,常见于商业和日常评价语境;不要把它当作普通意义上的“有质量的”来直译。
    We only sell quality products.
    我们只销售优质产品。
    The hotel is known for its quality service.
    这家酒店以优质服务闻名。
more quality comparative most quality superlative
noun
  • core 质量;品质
    📖 表示某人或某物整体上好不好、水平高不高。它可以评价产品、服务、教育、工作以及人的表现。
    💡 常用结构是 high/low quality、of high quality 和the quality of + 名词。这个义项通常不可数,不说 a quality 来表示“一个质量”;谈具体特征时则要使用可数义项。
    uncountable
    This school is well known for the high quality of its teachers.
    这所学校以教师的高水平而闻名。
    The quality of the food has improved.
    食物的质量提高了。
  • common 特征;品质
    📖 表示使某人或某物具有某种面貌、能力或区别于其他事物的特征。这里关注的不是总体好坏,而是“它有什么特点”。
    💡 常用结构是 a quality of + 名词,或someone’s qualities;谈多个特点时用 qualities。它既可以指优点,也可以指一般性格或性质,不必然表示“高质量”。
    countable
    Patience is an important quality in a teacher.
    耐心是教师的一项重要品质。
  • rare 身份;地位
    📖 在古旧或正式历史语境中,指一个人所处的身份、等级或社会地位;这是从“属于哪一种身份”发展出的旧义。
    💡 常见于 in the quality of + 身份这类历史或正式结构,现代日常英语中很少这样使用。不要把它与普通的“质量”义混淆。
    archaic countable uncountable
  • rare 上流社会身份
    📖 旧式用法,指具有较高社会地位或贵族身份的人,或这种身份本身。
    💡 常见于 lady of quality 等历史性表达,带有古旧或文学色彩。现代英语中通常改用 social status、noble person 等更直接的说法。
    archaic countable uncountable
  • common 无缺陷程度
    📖 强调人造物或系统做得是否完善、缺陷是否少,而不是功能数量多不多。它是日常“质量”义在产品和系统评价中的具体侧重。
    💡 常用结构是 product/software/system quality、quality control 和quality problems。这个义项通常不可数,常与 quantity 或 features 对比;不要把功能多误认为质量高。
    uncountable
    The company is trying to improve the quality of its software.
    这家公司正在努力提高其软件的质量。
  • rare 蒸汽质量
    📖 热力学中,指两相液体—蒸汽混合物里蒸汽的质量占总质量的比例,是对混合物状态的专业描述。
    💡 通常出现在 thermodynamics 语境和技术说明中,常与 vapor、mixture 和mass fraction 连用。这里不是日常的“好质量”,而是一个可计算的物理量。
    countable uncountable
  • rare 感觉性质检查
    📖 急救评估中,指询问伤情或不适“感觉起来是什么样”,例如疼痛是刺痛、压迫感还是灼烧感。
    💡 通常出现在 OPQRST 这套急救询问框架中,常用 ask about the quality of the pain 等结构。这里应理解为症状的感觉性质,不是病情的好坏。
    countable
  • common 严肃报纸
    📖 英国媒体语境中,指内容较严肃、报道质量较高的报纸,通常区别于更通俗的 tabloids。
    💡 常见结构是 quality newspaper 或the qualities,主要限于英国新闻和媒体讨论。它不是说报纸“质量好”这一一般评价,而是指一种报纸类型;美国语境中不一定常用这一分类。
    UK countable
    She reads a quality newspaper every morning.
    她每天早上都读一份严肃报纸。
qualities plural
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 7 组
of high social status;
同义词集: quality
people of quality
a quality family
近似: upper-class
of superior grade; ; ; ;
同义词集: choice prime(a) prize quality select
choice wines
prime beef
prize carnations
quality paper
select peaches
近似: superior
an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone; --Shakespeare
同义词集: quality
the quality of mercy is not strained
上位: attribute 下位: ability, accuracy, adequacy, air, appearance, asset, atmosphere, attraction, attractiveness, aura, bad, badness, believability, certainty, characteristic, clarity, clearness, closeness, complexity, complexness, correctness, credibility, credibleness, difference, difficultness, difficulty, divinity, ease, easiness, elegance, ethnicity, excellence, faithfulness, fidelity, foregone conclusion, good, goodness, hardness, holiness, humanity, humanness, humor, humour, immorality, impotence, impotency, inability, inaccuracy, infidelity, manhood, mobility, morality, morbidity, morbidness, mundaneness, mundanity, nature, negativeness, negativism, negativity, opacity, opaqueness, originality, pathos, pleasantness, plus, poignancy, popularity, positiveness, positivism, positivity, power, powerfulness, powerlessness, precariousness, probability, publicity, regularity, relativity, responsiveness, rightness, romance, romanticism, sanctitude, sanctity, simpleness, simplicity, solubility, sophistication, stuff, stuffiness, sufficiency, suitability, suitableness, sure thing, sweetness, tone, truth, ultimate, uncertainness, uncertainty, uncloudedness, unfaithfulness, unfitness, unwholesomeness, usefulness, utility, visual aspect, worldliness, worth
a degree or grade of excellence or worth;
同义词集: quality caliber calibre
the quality of students has risen
an executive of low caliber
上位: degree, grade, level 下位: high quality, inferiority, low quality, superiority
(music) the distinctive property of a complex sound (a voice or noise or musical sound);
同义词集: timbre timber quality tone
the timbre of her soprano was rich and lovely
the muffled tones of the broken bell summoned them to meet
下位: color, coloration, colour, colouration, harmonic, plangency, register, resonance, reverberance, ringing, sonority, sonorousness, vibrancy
a characteristic property that defines the apparent individual nature of something;
同义词集: quality character lineament
each town has a quality all its own
the radical character of our demands
上位: attribute, dimension, property 下位: texture
high social status
同义词集: quality
a man of quality
上位: rank, social rank, social station, social status
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语,原意与“属于哪一种、是什么性质”有关,后来发展出“性质、品质、质量”等含义。
From Middle English qualite, from Old French qualité, from Latin quālitās, quālitātem, from quālis (“of what kind”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo- (“who, how”). Cicero coined qualitas as a calque to translate the Ancient Greek word ποιότης (poiótēs, “quality”), coined by Plato from ποῖος (poîos, “of what nature, of what kind”).
🔄 变式
more quality compar most quality superl qualities plural
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