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process
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /pɹˈɑsˌɛs/
🇬🇧 /pɹəˈsɛs/
process 的核心是“按步骤推进并产生结果的过程”，既可指事情发展的过程，也可指处理数据、信息或材料的具体操作；在专业语境中还可指程序、法律文书或身体结构等。
💡 记忆钩子
把 process 想成一条从起点通向结果的加工路线：事情沿着这条路线一步步发展，是“过程”；工厂、电脑或人的大脑沿路线处理材料和信息，也是“处理”；路线本身若被固定下来，就可以表示程序或系统运行过程，进入法律、医学等领域后则产生专门含义。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“过程”和“处理”这两个核心义项，再按语境学习“程序”等专业义项。
- 不要把 process 只理解成“程序”；日常英语中它常常表示事情发展的过程，或表示处理信息、材料。
- 表示心理上消化信息时，process 不只是“想一想”，而是逐步理解并接受某件事。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 过程；流程📖 指一连串彼此相连的事件或步骤，这些步骤共同把事情从开始带到某个结果。它可以用于学习、生产、决策等日常或正式场景。💡 常用结构是“the process of + 动名词”或“a process for + 名词”，也常和“go through”搭配。这个义项既可指自然发生的过程，也可指人安排的流程；不要误解为只表示工厂里的工艺。Learning a new language is a gradual process.学习一门新语言是一个循序渐进的过程。The process of choosing a university took her several months.选择大学的过程花了她几个月。
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common 生产工艺；处理流程📖 特指制造产品时所采用的一整套步骤和方法，尤其常见于食品、化工等行业。这里强调的是怎样把原料加工成产品的固定流程。💡 常见结构是“the manufacturing/production process”或“the process used to make + 名词”。这个义项多见于商业、工程和工厂语境，通常比一般的“过程”更具体、更技术化；不要把它直接理解成单个机器或单次操作。The factory changed its process to reduce waste.这家工厂改变了生产工艺，以减少浪费。
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core 发展过程；演变路径📖 指一个系统或事物依次经历的一系列状态，重点是它如何随时间变化。它可以用于自然现象、社会变化，也可以用于超出人类日常感知尺度的科学过程。💡 常见结构是“a process of change/growth”或“the process by which + 从句”。这个义项常用于科学和正式说明，强调状态之间的连续变化；不要把它仅限于有意识的人为步骤。Climate change is a complex process that affects every region.气候变化是一个影响每个地区的复杂过程。
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rare 生理过程📖 在生物学或医学中，指身体为维持或恢复健康而连续发生的一系列生理反应，是“过程”这一核心概念的专业用法。
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rare 诉讼文书📖 在法律语境中，指诉讼过程中由法院发出的传票、令状等正式文书；这些文书推动法律程序继续进行。
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rare 组织突起📖 在解剖学中，指从组织表面突出的结构，可能成为关节的一部分或肌肉的附着点。
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common 运行任务；进程📖 在计算机语境中，指一个正在执行的任务或程序，可以被系统启动、暂停或管理。它体现的是“沿步骤运行”的核心概念。💡 常见结构是“a computer process”或“a process running in the background”。这个义项主要用于计算机技术语境；学习时要注意它指正在执行的任务，不一定等于保存程序的文件。The system stopped a process that was using too much memory.系统停止了一个占用太多内存的进程。
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rare 游戏中的目标点📖 在一种旧式游戏中，指玩家瞄准的中心标记；这是从一般“目标位置”发展出的边缘专门义项。
processes
plural
verb
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common 加工；处理📖 指按照某种步骤或方法处理一个对象，使它发生预期变化或得到可用结果。对象可以是原料、文件或其他需要经过程序处理的东西。💡 常用结构是“process + 名词”，也可说“process something into + 名词”表示把某物加工成另一种东西。这个义项比单纯的“做”更强调方法和步骤；不要漏掉直接宾语，也不要把它误当成只用于电脑。transitiveThe company processes fresh fruit into juice.这家公司把新鲜水果加工成果汁。
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core 处理数据或信号📖 指用计算机技术提取、保存、分类、修改或传送数据、信号等。它仍然是沿着规定的处理路线把输入变成有用结果。💡 常见结构是“process data/signals/files”或“process information”。这个义项常用于技术和办公语境，宾语通常是数据、文件、图像或信号；不要把 process data 理解成“学习数据”，而是对数据进行系统处理。transitiveThe software processes the data in real time.这款软件实时处理这些数据。
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core 消化并理解信息📖 指人在心理上逐步理解、接受并整理一条信息或一个想法，有时还会在此基础上形成自己的看法。它把大脑看成一条处理信息的路线。💡 常用结构是“process + 信息或经历”，也常说“need time to process it”。这个用法可用于震惊、悲伤等需要时间消化的事情，语气比“understand”更强调心理上的逐步接受；不要把它只译成机械的“处理”。figuratively transitiveI need a little time to process what you just told me.我需要一点时间消化你刚才告诉我的事。She is still processing the news.她还在慢慢接受这个消息。
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common 冲洗胶片📖 指用化学方法处理摄影胶片，使胶片上的影像显现出来。这是“按步骤处理材料”在摄影领域的专门用法。💡 常见结构是“process film”或“have film processed”，后者表示请别人冲洗胶片。这个义项主要见于传统摄影语境，如今比数字摄影相关用法少；不要把它理解成简单地拍摄照片。transitiveThe shop can process film in one day.这家店一天就能冲洗胶片。
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rare 起诉；依法追究📖 在法律语境或较旧的用法中，指对某人采取法律程序，把对方带入诉讼流程。transitive
processes
present,singular,third-person
processing
participle,present
processed
participle,past
processed
past
verb
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rare 列队行进📖 指人们组成队列向前行进，尤其用于宗教仪式等正式场合；这可以看作“沿路线向前推进”的古老专门用法。
processes
present,singular,third-person
processing
participle,present
processed
participle,past
processed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 13 组
a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states;
同义词集:
process
physical process
events now in process
the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls
下位: action, activity, decrease, decrement, defining, degeneration, development, devolution, evolution, execution, functioning, growth, increase, increment, instruction execution, iteration, loop, looping, natural action, natural process, operation, performance, phenomenon, photography, processing, shaping, variation
subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; ; ; ;
同义词集:
process
treat
process cheese
process hair
treat the water so it can be drunk
treat the lawn with chemicals
treat an oil spill
上位: affect, bear on, bear upon, impact, touch, touch on
下位: air-condition, carbonate, chrome, curry, digest, dose, irradiate, malt, nitrate, propagate, ray, refine, run, seed, sulfur, sulphur, tank
perform mathematical and logical operations on (data) according to programmed instructions in order to obtain the required information
同义词集:
process
The results of the elections were still being processed when he gave his acceptance speech
上位: calculate, cipher, compute, cypher, figure, reckon, work out
a particular course of action intended to achieve a result;
同义词集:
procedure
process
the procedure of obtaining a driver's license
it was a process of trial and error
上位: activity
下位: calculation, chromosome mapping, computation, computing, condition, experimental condition, formula, mapping, modus operandi, routine, rule
deliver a warrant or summons to someone
同义词集:
serve
process
swear out
He was processed by the sheriff
上位: deliver
下位: rinse, subpoena, wash
shape, form, or improve a material; ;
同义词集:
work
work on
process
work stone into tools
process iron
work the metal
上位: transform, transmute, transubstantiate
下位: make over, rack, retread, rework, till, tool
march in a procession
同义词集:
march
process
They processed into the dining room
上位: walk
下位: file, parade, promenade, troop
deal with in a routine way; ;
同义词集:
process
I'll handle that one
process a loan
process the applicants
上位: care, deal, handle, manage
institute legal proceedings against; file a suit against;
同义词集:
action
sue
litigate
process
He was warned that the district attorney would process him
She actioned the company for discrimination
上位: challenge
下位: expedite
a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant
同义词集:
process
outgrowth
appendage
a bony process
下位: ala, appendix, cecal appendage, crest, eminence, hair, horn, ridge, spine, style, tail, tubercle, tuberosity, vermiform appendix, vermiform process
(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents;
同义词集:
process
cognitive process
mental process
operation
cognitive operation
the process of thinking
the cognitive operation of remembering
上位: cognition, knowledge, noesis
a mental process that you are not directly aware of
同义词集:
process
unconscious process
the process of denial
上位: cognition, knowledge, noesis
下位: condensation, defence, defence mechanism, defence reaction, defense, defense mechanism, defense reaction
a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant
同义词集:
summons
process
上位: judicial writ, writ
下位: citation, ticket
🌳 词源
名词源自表示“行进、发展”的词根，后来形成“过程、推进”的含义；动词的部分用法由名词或相关词反向构成。
From Middle English proces, from Old French procés (“journey”), from Latin prōcessus (“course, progression”), nominalization of prōcēdō (“proceed, advance”).
🔄 变式
processed
past
processes
plural
processing
present
🏷 单词标签 & 词根