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pressure
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /pɹˈɛʃɚ/
🇬🇧 /ˈpɹɛʃə/
pressure 的核心是“施加力量”:可以指实际按压的力,也可以引申为来自环境、他人或时间安排的压力;作动词时表示向某人施压,迫使其做某事。
💡 记忆钩子
想象一只手按在物体上:手施加的力是 pressure;这种“按住不让轻松”的感觉引申为贫困、税收或他人带来的压力,也引申为工作期限造成的紧迫感。把这种压力施加到某个人身上,就是 pressure 某人去做某事;在物理学中,它还特指单位面积上受到的力。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“实际按压 → 外界压力 → 心理负担或紧迫感”这条意义链,再学习物理学中的专门定义和较旧的用法。
- 不要把 pressure 一律理解成中性的“建议”或“说服”;涉及 pressure someone into doing something 时,通常含有对方不情愿、被迫或受到不当影响的意味。
📖 中文释义
noun
-
core 按压的力📖 指实际施加在物体表面或身体某处的力,重点是“按住、压住”的动作或效果。💡 常用“pressure on + 部位或表面”表示压力施加在哪里,也可用“apply pressure to + 部位”表示施压。这个用法既适合日常说明,也适合医疗或操作指导;不要把表示动作的 press 和表示所施加力量的 pressure 混为一谈。countable uncountableApply firm pressure to the cut with a clean cloth.用干净的布用力按住伤口。The pressure from the heavy box damaged the lid.沉重箱子施加的压力把盖子压坏了。
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core 外界施加的影响📖 从实际的按压引申而来,指贫困、税收、社会环境或其他因素持续推动或限制某人、某事的发展。💡 常用“pressure from + 来源”或“pressure on + 承受影响的人或机构”。这种用法比单纯表示个人情绪更强调外部力量和影响,来源通常要说清楚;不要把所有原因都直接叫作 pressure。countable uncountableThe company changed its policy under pressure from customers.公司在顾客的压力下改变了政策。
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core 心理压力📖 指人因为责任、期待或困难而感到的精神负担,仿佛有一股力量一直压在心上。💡 常见结构是“feel pressure”“be under pressure”以及“pressure from + 人或事”。它通常描述持续的心理负担,语气可中性也可带有困扰意味;表达具体情绪时,不要只用 pressure 而省略真正的来源或表现。countable uncountableHe is under a lot of pressure at work this month.他这个月工作压力很大。
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common 紧迫感📖 指事情必须尽快完成或决定,时间安排像一股力量一样催着人行动。💡 常用“pressure to do something”或“under pressure to do something”说明必须采取的行动,也可说“time pressure”。这里强调时限和紧迫性,不一定表示有人在强迫你;涉及他人主动施压时通常改用动词 pressure。countable uncountableThere was growing pressure to finish the project before Friday.尽快在星期五前完成项目的紧迫感越来越强。
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rare 压出的印痕📖 旧用法,指按压后留下的印记、印痕或被印出的形状,可看作“按压的力留下了痕迹”。countable obsolete uncountable
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common 单位面积上的力📖 物理学中,指作用在一定面积上的力除以该面积;同样的力作用面积越小,pressure 通常越大。💡 常见于“air pressure”“blood pressure”“pressure in + 容器或系统”等术语和结构中,通常和数值、单位或测量结果一起使用。此义属于科学和技术语境;不要把它和总的 force 或普通的心理压力当成同一个量。countable uncountableThe doctor said my blood pressure was slightly high.医生说我的血压稍微有点高。
pressures
plural
verb
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core 向某人施压📖 把“按压”的形象转到人际关系中,指不断施加影响或要求,使某人被迫或勉强去做某事。💡 最典型的结构是“pressure someone into doing something”,也可用“pressure someone to do something”。它常用于拒绝、消费、工作或家庭决定等情境,通常暗示对方并不完全自愿;不要把它当作表示友好劝说的普通动词。transitiveThey pressured me into signing the contract that night.他们向我施压,逼得我当晚签了合同。Don't pressure her to make a decision today.别逼她今天就做决定。
pressures
present,singular,third-person
pressuring
participle,present
pressured
participle,past
pressured
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 9 组
the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure; ;
同义词集:
press
pressure
pressing
he gave the button a press
he used pressure to stop the bleeding
at the pressing of a button
上位: push, pushing
下位: compressing, compression, impression
to cause to do through pressure or necessity, by physical, moral or intellectual means;
同义词集:
coerce
hale
squeeze
pressure
force
She forced him to take a job in the city
He squeezed her for information
上位: compel, obligate, oblige
下位: dragoon, drive, railroad, sandbag, terrorise, terrorize
exert pressure on someone through threats
同义词集:
blackmail
blackjack
pressure
上位: act upon, influence, work
a force that compels
同义词集:
pressure
the public brought pressure to bear on the government
上位: force
the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin
同义词集:
pressure
pressure sensation
the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal
the pressure exerted by the atmosphere
同义词集:
atmospheric pressure
air pressure
pressure
the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)
同义词集:
pressure
pressure level
force per unit area
the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure
下位: head, suction
the state of demanding notice or attention;
同义词集:
imperativeness
insistence
insistency
press
pressure
the insistence of their hunger
the press of business matters
上位: urgency
an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
同义词集:
pressure
上位: distress
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语 pressūra,和“按压、留下痕迹”的概念有关。
From Latin pressūra.
🔄 变式
pressured
past
pressures
plural
pressuring
present
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