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preparation

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🇺🇸 /pɹˌɛpɚˈeɪʃʌn/ 🇬🇧 /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/
noun 编号: P02656 牛津3000 BNC #2091 COCA #2513
preparation 是“准备、准备状态”,也可指准备好的东西;在宗教和音乐等专门语境中还有特定含义。
💡 记忆钩子
把 preparation 想成“把事情提前摆好”:先做准备这个过程,形成准备就绪的状态,最后也可以指已经准备好的东西;在宗教和音乐中,这个“提前安排好”的概念进一步变成专门术语。
📝 学习建议
  • 先掌握“准备过程”和“准备就绪状态”这两个核心义,再记“准备好的东西”。不要把 preparation 只理解成具体物品,也不要误以为它只能表示动作。
  • 它既可以表示抽象的准备,也可以表示一份具体制剂或菜肴;看到可数用法时,要结合上下文判断是“某种准备好的东西”还是专门术语。
📖 中文释义
noun
  • core 准备;筹备
    📖 指为即将发生的事情而进行的准备过程,例如整理资料、练习或安排所需物品。重点是“正在把事情准备好”这一行动。
    💡 常用结构是“preparation for + 名词”和“preparation to do something”,也常说“in preparation for + 名词”。它通常是不可数名词,不能在一般意义下随意加复数词尾;表示具体准备步骤时可改用相应的可数表达。
    uncountable
    I reviewed my notes in preparation for the interview.
    我复习了笔记,为面试做准备。
    The team spent weeks preparing for the exhibition.
    团队花了几个星期为展览做准备。
  • core 准备就绪;有备状态
    📖 指经过准备后所处的状态,也就是已经做好应对某事的条件,而不是准备本身的过程。
    💡 常见结构是“be in preparation”或“be ready as a preparation”,但日常英语更常用“be prepared”直接表达“准备好了”。在“in preparation for + 事项”中,它也可能强调正在准备,而非已经完全就绪,要根据上下文判断。
    uncountable
    Good preparation gave her confidence before the performance.
    充分的准备让她在演出前充满信心。
  • common 准备好的东西;制剂
    📖 指已经按照某种方法准备好的具体东西,例如药物制剂、食物或其他成品。这里的 preparation 不再只是抽象的准备过程,而是“准备出来的东西”。
    💡 表示某一种具体成品时常用“a preparation of + 材料”或“a preparation made from + 材料”。在医学、烹饪等语境中可以用作可数名词;不要把它自动理解成普通的“准备工作”。
    countable uncountable
    The pharmacist recommended a gentle preparation for dry skin.
    药剂师推荐了一种适合干性皮肤的温和制剂。
  • rare 犹太安息日或节日前一天
    📖 在犹太教语境中,指安息日或其他犹太节日前专门用来准备的那一天;这是由一般“提前准备”义发展出的宗教术语。
    💡 通常出现在宗教、历史或文化介绍中,常与特定节日名称连用。它不是日常英语里表示“准备”的普通替代词,也不宜在一般语境中用来指前一天。
    Judaism countable uncountable
  • rare 礼拜前的祈祷操练
    📖 在宗教礼仪中,指正式礼拜或宗教仪式开始前进行的祈祷、默想等操练,帮助参加者在精神上做好准备。
    💡 这是宗教礼仪中的专门用法,通常与礼拜仪式或祈祷活动一起出现。日常谈论学习、工作准备时不能使用这个义项。
    countable uncountable
  • rare 和弦不协和音的预备
    📖 在音乐理论中,指不协和音出现前,先在前一个和弦中让同一个音稳定地出现,形成“提前准备”的关系。
    💡 这是和声学术语,常用于说明延留音等不协和音如何被引入。不要把这里的 preparation 理解成演奏前的一般练习或排练准备。
    countable uncountable
preparations plural
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 8 组
the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat; ;
同义词集: cooking cookery preparation
cooking can be a great art
people are needed who have experience in cookery
he left the preparation of meals to his wife
下位: baking, boiling, broil, broiling, browning, cuisine, culinary art, frying, grilling, poaching, roasting, sauteing, simmering, stewing, toasting
preparatory school work done outside school (especially at home)
同义词集: homework prep preparation
上位: school assignment, schoolwork
activity leading to skilled behavior
同义词集: training preparation grooming
上位: activity 下位: discipline, drill, exercise, practice, practice session, recitation, retraining, schooling
the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose
同义词集: preparation readying
preparations for the ceremony had begun
上位: activity 下位: deployment, groundwork, planning, priming, prolusion, tune-up, turnaround, turnround, warm-up
the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening
同义词集: planning preparation provision
his planning for retirement was hindered by several uncertainties
上位: cerebration, intellection, mentation, thinking, thought, thought process 下位: agreement, arrangement, calculation, deliberation
(music) a note that produces a dissonant chord is first heard in a consonant chord
同义词集: preparation
the resolution of one dissonance is often the preparation for another dissonance
反义: resolution 上位: harmony, musical harmony
the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action);
同义词集: readiness preparedness preparation
putting them in readiness
their preparation was more than adequate
上位: state 下位: alert, qui vive, ready
a substance prepared according to a formula
同义词集: formulation preparation
the physician prescribed a commercial preparation of the medicine
上位: chemical compound, compound 下位: cleaner, cleanser, cleansing agent, nebula, polish, starch
🌳 词源
源自中古英语,经中古法语追溯至拉丁语,词形上由 prepare 加后缀 -ation 构成。
From Middle English preparacion, from Middle French preparacion, from Latin praeparatio, praeparationem. Morphologically prepare + -ation.
🔄 变式
preparations plural
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