portion

portion主要指从整体中分出的一部分或分配到的一份，也可作动词表示把整体分成若干份；在历史语境中还可指遗产、嫁妆或命运。

💡 记忆钩子

想象一块完整的蛋糕被切下一份：这一份就是portion；把蛋糕切分、分配是动词portion。由“分到的一份”还可以引申为一个人分得的遗产、嫁妆，甚至命运中的一份。

📝 学习建议

先掌握“分出的一份”和“分配”这两个核心意思，再认识遗产、嫁妆等历史语境中的用法。
不要把portion只理解成食物的“一份”；它也可指任何整体中被分出的部分或分配的数量。

📖 中文释义

noun

core 分配的一份

📖 指按照需要、计划或规定分给某人的数量或份额，可以是食物、钱、资源或工作量。

💡 常用“a portion of + 名词”或“a portion for + 人”表示某物的一部分或给某人的一份。它常用于中性或稍正式的表达，数量不一定很小。不要把它误认为只能表示餐馆里的一份食物。

Each family received a portion of the donated food.

每个家庭都分到了一份捐赠的食物。

A large portion of the budget goes to education.

预算中很大一部分用于教育。
core 整体中的一部分

📖 指从完整事物中分离出来的部分，重点在“整体被切分后得到的一块”，不一定是预先分配给某人的份额。

💡 常用“a portion of + 整体名词”表示整体的一部分，也可用“a small／large portion”说明大小。这个意思比“分配的一份”更强调组成关系；描述抽象事物时也很自然。

Only a portion of the wall was damaged.

只有墙的一部分受到了损坏。
rare 命运中的一份

📖 在古旧或宗教式语境中，指一个人命中注定得到的遭遇或命运；可以看作“分到的人生那一份”。

💡 通常出现在古英语、宗教文本或仿古表达中，现代日常英语很少这样使用。不要在普通谈论运气时直接用它替代表示命运的常用词。
rare 遗产份额

📖 在历史或法律语境中，指父母或遗产所有人分给子女或继承人的财产份额，也就是继承的一份。

💡 常与继承、遗嘱和家庭财产有关，现代英语中通常会用更具体的词表达遗产或继承份额。这个意思带有历史色彩，不能把现代普通的“部分”都理解成遗产。
rare 嫁妆

📖 在旧式婚姻和财产语境中，指女子结婚时由家庭提供的财产，即婚姻中的一份财产。

💡 这是历史和社会制度相关的旧义，现代日常对话中很少使用。遇到现代婚姻财产话题时，不要自动把它理解成一般的结婚礼物或生活费。

portions plural

verb

core 分成份额并分配

📖 指为了不同目的或不同对象，把一个整体划分成若干数量或份额；这个动作就是把整体变成一个个portion。

💡 常见结构是“portion something into + 若干份”或“portion something out”，也可说“portion something for + 目的”。该动词较正式，日常英语中有时会改用表示分配或分装的更常见说法；不要把它当作不及物动词单独使用。

transitive

The chef portioned the soup into six containers.

厨师把汤分装进六个容器里。

The supplies were portioned out among the teams.

物资被分配给了各个小组。
rare 授予遗产

📖 在旧式语境中，指把遗产或财产份额授予某人，使其得到属于自己的那一份。

💡 这是古旧且少见的及物用法，通常出现在历史、文学或宗教文本中。现代英语谈论继承时一般使用更明确的表示留下遗产或继承的表达，不宜主动套用此义。

transitive

portions present,singular,third-person portioning participle,present portioned participle,past portioned past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 8 组

the allotment of some amount by dividing something

同义词集: parcel portion share

death gets more than its share of attention from theologians

上位: allocation, allotment, apportioning, apportionment, assignation, parceling, parcelling

give out

同义词集: assign allot portion

We were assigned new uniforms

上位: administer, allot, deal, deal out, dish out, dispense, distribute, dole out, lot, mete out, parcel out, shell out 下位: allocate, allow, apportion, appropriate, earmark, reserve, set aside

something less than the whole of a human artifact;

同义词集: part portion

the rear part of the house

glue the two parts together

上位: object, physical object 下位: appendage, backbone, bit, bottleneck, bulb, butt, component, constituent, element, forte, fraction, heel, hub, limb, neck, piece, pressing, seat, section, segment, shank, spine, stub, toe, turnout, upstairs, waist, widening, wreckage

an individual quantity of food or drink taken as part of a meal; ;

同义词集: helping portion serving

the helpings were all small

his portion was larger than hers

there's enough for two servings each

下位: breast, drink, medallion, oyster, piece, round, round of drinks, second joint, slice, thigh, white meat, wing

money or property brought by a woman to her husband at marriage

同义词集: dowry dowery dower portion

上位: gift

assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group

同义词集: share portion part percentage

he wanted his share in cash

上位: assets 下位: allocation, allotment, allowance, cut, dispensation, dole, interest, piece, ration, slice, split, stake, way

something determined in relation to something that includes it; ; ;

同义词集: part portion component part component constituent

he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself

I read a portion of the manuscript

the smaller component is hard to reach

the animal constituent of plankton

上位: relation 下位: balance, base, basis, butt, detail, item, member, particular, point, remainder, residual, residue, residuum, rest, substance, unit

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you); ; ; ; ;

同义词集: fortune destiny fate luck lot circumstances portion

whatever my fortune may be

deserved a better fate

has a happy lot

the luck of the Irish

a victim of circumstances

success that was her portion

上位: condition 下位: bad luck, failure, ill luck, misfortune, providence, tough luck

🌳 词源

源自中古英语，来自古法语，最终源自拉丁语，核心词义与“部分、份额”有关。

Latin portiōder. Old French porcionbor. Middle English porcioun English portion From Middle English porcioun, borrowed from Old French porcion, accusative of Latin portiōnem (“a share, part, portion, relation, proportion”), from portiō, akin to pars (“part”); see part. Compare proportion.

🔄 变式

portioned past portioning present portions plural

🏷 单词标签 & 词根