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plaster
★
🇺🇸 /plˈæstɚ/
🇬🇧 /ˈplɑːstə/
plaster主要表示“涂上一层能变硬或覆盖住东西的材料”,可指皮肤上的药膏或创可贴、墙面的灰泥和石膏固定物,也可作动词表示涂抹、覆盖,或引申为猛烈打击;此外还是一个姓氏。
💡 记忆钩子
想象把一层黏稠的东西“贴上去并盖住”:贴在伤口上是药膏或创可贴,抹在墙上会变成平滑的灰泥,包在骨折处会变成石膏固定物;作动词时就是把东西厚厚地涂上、盖住,甚至引申为用火力把目标压倒。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“墙面灰泥”和“伤口上的创可贴”这两条主线,再记住动词表示“涂抹、覆盖”的用法。
- 在英式英语中,plaster常指小型创可贴;不要只把它理解成建筑材料。
- 表示“石膏固定物”时通常指包扎后形成的固定外壳,不要与单纯的石膏粉混为一谈。
📖 中文释义
name
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rare 姓氏📖 plaster也可以是英语姓氏,出现在人名中时不表示药膏、灰泥或覆盖动作。💡 用于人名时通常出现在姓名的位置,如“名字 + plaster”或单独作为姓氏。它属于专名,首字母须大写;不要把姓名中的Plaster按普通名词翻译。
noun
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core 皮肤用药膏📖 指涂在皮肤上的膏状物,用于帮助伤口恢复或作美容护理;它强调的是覆盖在皮肤上的一层膏。💡 常用“apply plaster to/on the skin”或“a plaster for the skin”。这里通常作不可数名词;不要把它和表示一小块创可贴的可数用法混用。uncountableThe nurse applied plaster to the burn.护士把药膏涂在了烧伤处。This plaster is used to soothe dry skin.这种膏剂用于舒缓干燥的皮肤。
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core 创可贴📖 指贴在小伤口上的小块黏性绷带,作用是盖住伤口并保护它;这是英式英语中很常见的日常义。💡 常说“put a plaster on a cut”或“put a plaster over a wound”。它是可数名词,通常说“a plaster”或“some plasters”;在美式英语中更常用其他说法。British Canada New-Zealand countableI put a plaster on the cut before going out.我出门前在伤口上贴了一块创可贴。
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core 墙面灰泥📖 指由石灰或石膏、沙和水等混合成的材料,涂在墙面或天花板上后会变硬并形成平滑表面。它体现了“涂上一层并覆盖住表面”的核心画面。💡 常用“smooth/apply plaster to a wall”或“a layer of plaster on the ceiling”。通常作不可数名词;不要把它默认理解成已经成型的墙板或一面墙。uncountableThe builders put fresh plaster on the bedroom wall.工人在卧室墙上抹了新灰泥。Cracks have appeared in the plaster.灰泥表面出现了裂缝。
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common 石膏固定物📖 指用石膏和纱布制成、包在受伤部位外面的固定外壳,通常用来限制骨折肢体的活动。它是把能硬化的材料包在身体外面的结果。💡 常用“put someone’s arm/leg in a plaster”或“wear a plaster cast”。在这种意义下通常用可数形式;表示材料本身时则不要误用这一义。countableShe has her leg in plaster after the accident.事故后,她的腿打上了石膏。
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common 石膏粉📖 在特定上下文中,plaster可以省略表示石膏粉,即加水后可制成硬质模型或固定物的材料。💡 常见于“mix plaster with water”或“a bag of plaster”等材料搭配。它通常作不可数名词;如果上下文没有建筑、模型或医疗背景,不要贸然采用这个省略义。uncountableMix the plaster with water until it is smooth.把石膏粉和水混合,直到变得顺滑。
plasters
plural
verb
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core 给墙面抹灰📖 指把灰泥涂在墙或天花板上,使表面被覆盖并变得平整;这是名词“墙面灰泥”直接发展出的动作。💡 常用“plaster a wall/ceiling”或“plaster the wall with plaster”。它是及物动词,后面直接接被涂的表面;不要在普通表达中漏掉宾语。transitiveThey are plastering the walls before painting them.他们正在给墙面抹灰,之后要刷漆。We need to plaster the ceiling first.我们得先给天花板抹灰。
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core 给伤口贴创可贴📖 指在伤口上贴药膏或创可贴,把伤口盖住并保护起来。这个动作仍然是“贴上一层东西来覆盖”。💡 常用“plaster a wound/cut”或“plaster it with a plaster”。它是及物动词,表示处理伤口时宾语通常是伤口本身;不要把它误解为“制造伤口”。transitiveThe doctor plastered the small wound and sent him home.医生给小伤口贴上了创可贴,然后让他回家。
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common 厚厚涂抹📖 泛指把泥、油漆等黏稠或液体状物质厚厚地涂在某物上,使其表面被覆盖。它把“抹灰”这一动作扩展到了其他材料。💡 常用“plaster something with mud/paint”或“plaster mud/paint over something”。语气通常比普通的“涂”更强调厚重、凌乱或覆盖得很满;不要用于非常轻薄、精细的涂层。transitiveThe children plastered their hands with bright paint.孩子们把手上涂满了鲜艳的颜料。
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common 铺满并遮住📖 表示把广告、海报等大量贴在物体表面,使表面几乎被完全盖住。重点不是材料硬化,而是密集覆盖。💡 常用“plaster something with advertisements/posters”或“plaster advertisements all over something”。它常带有数量多、覆盖过度的意味;不要只把它理解成中性的“张贴”。transitiveThe company plastered the town with posters.那家公司在镇上到处贴满了海报。
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common 猛烈轰击📖 比喻像用厚重材料覆盖一样,用大量炮火或攻击连续压制目标,使对方难以还击。💡 常用“plaster a target with gunfire”或“be plastered by artillery fire”。这是及物的比喻用法,语气强烈,多见于战争报道、体育或评论语境;不要在普通的“打一下”场景中随意使用。figuratively transitiveThe attackers plastered the position with heavy fire.袭击者用猛烈火力轰击了那个阵地。
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common 把问题遮掩过去📖 表示像用灰泥盖住裂缝一样,暂时把问题表面掩盖或敷衍处理,而不是彻底解决它。💡 常用“plaster over a problem/crack”或“plaster something over with a quick fix”。通常带有问题只是被遮住、没有真正解决的批评意味;不要把它当作单纯的“修好”。figuratively transitiveThe new rule only plastered over the underlying problem.这项新规定只是把根本问题暂时遮掩了过去。
plasters
present,singular,third-person
plastering
participle,present
plastered
participle,past
plastered
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 11 组
dress by covering with a therapeutic substance
同义词集:
poultice
plaster
上位: dress
coat with plaster
同义词集:
plaster
daub
daub the wall
上位: coat, surface
下位: mortar, mud
apply a heavy coat to
同义词集:
plaster
plaster over
stick on
上位: cover
apply a plaster cast to
同义词集:
plaster
plaster the broken arm
上位: cover
affix conspicuously
同义词集:
plaster
She plastered warnings all over the wall
cover conspicuously or thickly, as by pasting something on;
同义词集:
plaster
beplaster
The demonstrators plastered the hallways with posters
She let the walls of the apartment be beplastered with stucco
上位: cover
adhesive tape used in dressing wounds
同义词集:
plaster
adhesive plaster
sticking plaster
a surface of hardened plaster (as on a wall or ceiling)
同义词集:
plaster
plasterwork
there were cracks in the plaster
上位: surface
a medical dressing consisting of a soft heated mass of meal or clay that is spread on a cloth and applied to the skin to treat inflamed areas or improve circulation etc.
同义词集:
poultice
cataplasm
plaster
上位: dressing, medical dressing
a mixture of lime or gypsum with sand and water; hardens into a smooth solid; used to cover walls and ceilings
同义词集:
plaster
上位: mixture
下位: grout, stucco
any of several gypsum cements; a white powder (a form of calcium sulphate) that forms a paste when mixed with water and hardens into a solid; used in making molds and sculptures and casts for broken limbs
同义词集:
plaster of paris
plaster
🌳 词源
名词源自中古英语,最终追溯到拉丁语中表示药膏或绷带的词;动词由名词发展而来。作为姓氏的词源资料未详。
From Middle English plaster, plastre, from Old English plaster, from late Latin plastrum, shortened from Classical Latin emplastrum (“a plaster, bandage”); later reinforced by Anglo-Norman plastre. Displaced native Old English clīþa.
The verb is from Middle English plastren, from the noun.
🔄 变式
plastered
past
plastering
present
plasters
plural
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